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Who cites Sam McCandlish

4,762 citations of their works from 3,975 papers of our library (of the 140,884 whose bibliographies we read) · 331 with a page here, the most cited first · page 1 of 4 · 1–100 · ← Sam McCandlish

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  1. GPT-4 Technical ReportOpenAI, Josh Achiam, Steven Adler, et al.2023 · 12,694 citations
  2. Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language ModelsJason Wei, Xuezhi Wang, Dale Schuurmans, et al.2022 · 11,278 citations
  3. Language Models are Few-Shot LearnersTom B. Brown, Benjamin Mann, Nick Ryder, et al.2020 · 10,782 citations
  4. Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language SupervisionAlec Radford, Jong Wook Kim, Chris Hallacy, et al.2021 · 8,295 citations
  5. Survey of Hallucination in Natural Language GenerationZiwei Ji, Nayeon Lee, Rita Frieske, et al.2022 · 5,947 citations
  6. LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language ModelsHugo Touvron, Thibaut Lavril, Gautier Izacard, et al.2023 · 5,609 citations
  7. DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement LearningDeepSeek-AI, Daya Guo, Dejian Yang, et al.2025 · 4,593 citations
  8. Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word ProblemsKarl Cobbe, Vineet Kosaraju, Mohammad Bavarian, et al.2021 · 3,675 citations
  9. Measuring Massive Multitask Language UnderstandingDan Hendrycks, Collin Burns, Steven Basart, et al.2020 · 3,489 citations
  10. A Survey on Hallucination in Large Language Models: Principles, Taxonomy, Challenges, and Open QuestionsLei Huang, Weijiang Yu, Weitao Ma, et al.2023 · 3,221 citations
  11. On the Opportunities and Risks of Foundation ModelsRishi Bommasani, Drew A. Hudson, Ehsan Adeli, et al.2021 · 3,044 citations
  12. Gemini: A Family of Highly Capable Multimodal ModelsGemini Team, Rohan Anil, Sebastian Borgeaud, et al.2023 · 2,951 citations
  13. A Survey of Large Language ModelsWayne Xin Zhao, Kun Zhou, Junyi Li, et al.2023 · 2,847 citations
  14. PaLM: Scaling Language Modeling with PathwaysAakanksha Chowdhery, Sharan Narang, Jacob Devlin, et al.2022 · 2,603 citations
  15. Evaluating Large Language Models Trained on CodeMark Chen, Jerry Tworek, Heewoo Jun, et al.2021 · 2,529 citations
  16. Direct Preference Optimization: Your Language Model is Secretly a Reward ModelRafael Rafailov, Archit Sharma, Eric Mitchell, et al.2023 · 2,478 citations
  17. Photorealistic Text-to-Image Diffusion Models with Deep Language UnderstandingChitwan Saharia, William Chan, Saurabh Saxena, et al.2022 · 2,416 citations
  18. Measuring Mathematical Problem Solving With the MATH DatasetDan Hendrycks, Collin Burns, Saurav Kadavath, et al.2021 · 2,318 citations
  19. Emergent Abilities of Large Language ModelsJason Wei, Yi Tay, Rishi Bommasani, et al.2022 · 2,215 citations
  20. Scaling Instruction-Finetuned Language ModelsHyung Won Chung, Le Hou, Shayne Longpre, et al.2022 · 2,176 citations
  21. Flamingo: a Visual Language Model for Few-Shot LearningJean-Baptiste Alayrac, Jeff Donahue, Pauline Luc, et al.2022 · 2,108 citations
  22. TruthfulQA: Measuring How Models Mimic Human FalsehoodsStephanie Lin, Jacob Hilton, Owain Evans2022 · 2,047 citations
  23. Beyond the Imitation Game: Quantifying and extrapolating the capabilities of language modelsAarohi Srivastava, Abhinav Rastogi, Abhishek Rao, et al.2022 · 1,695 citations
  24. Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Large Language Models: A SurveyYunfan Gao, Yun Xiong, Xinyu Gao, et al.2023 · 1,647 citations
  25. Qwen Technical ReportJinze Bai, Shuai Bai, Yunfei Chu, et al.2023 · 1,643 citations
  26. Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing via Large Pre-Trained Language Models: A SurveyBonan Min, Hayley Ross, Elior Sulem, et al.2021 · 1,548 citations
  27. Gemini 1.5: Unlocking multimodal understanding across millions of tokens of contextGemini Team, Petko Georgiev, Ving Ian Lei, et al.2024 · 1,522 citations
  28. LAION-5B: An open large-scale dataset for training next generation image-text modelsChristoph Schuhmann, Romain Beaumont, Richard Vencu, et al.2022 · 1,400 citations
  29. LaMDA: Language Models for Dialog ApplicationsRomal Thoppilan, Daniel De Freitas, Jamie Hall, et al.2022 · 1,314 citations
  30. A Comprehensive Overview of Large Language ModelsHumza Naveed, Asad Ullah Khan, Shi Qiu, et al.2023 · 1,286 citations
  31. The Rise and Potential of Large Language Model Based Agents: A SurveyZhiheng Xi, Wenxiang Chen, Xin Guo, et al.2023 · 1,262 citations
  32. Recipes for Building an Open-Domain ChatbotStephen Roller, Emily Dinan, Naman Goyal, et al.2021 · 1,206 citations
  33. Phi-3 Technical Report: A Highly Capable Language Model Locally on Your PhoneMarah Abdin, Jyoti Aneja, Hany Awadalla, et al.2024 · 1,113 citations
  34. Training Compute-Optimal Large Language ModelsJordan Hoffmann, Sebastian Borgeaud, Arthur Mensch, et al.2022 · 1,110 citations
  35. Challenging BIG-Bench Tasks and Whether Chain-of-Thought Can Solve ThemMirac Suzgun, Nathan Scales, Nathanael Schärli, et al.2023 · 1,094 citations
  36. OpenAI o1 System CardOpenAI, Aaron Jaech, Adam Kalai, et al.2024 · 1,065 citations
  37. PaLM 2 Technical ReportRohan Anil, Andrew M. Dai, Orhan Firat, et al.2023 · 971 citations
  38. FActScore: Fine-grained Atomic Evaluation of Factual Precision in Long Form Text GenerationSewon Min, Kalpesh Krishna, Xinxi Lyu, et al.2023 · 970 citations
  39. GPQA: A Graduate-Level Google-Proof Q&A BenchmarkDavid Rein, Betty Li Hou, Asa Cooper Stickland, et al.2023 · 964 citations
  40. Siren's Song in the AI Ocean: A Survey on Hallucination in Large Language ModelsYue Zhang, Yafu Li, Leyang Cui, et al.2023 · 962 citations
  41. Constitutional AI: Harmlessness from AI FeedbackYuntao Bai, Saurav Kadavath, Sandipan Kundu, et al.2022 · 957 citations
  42. Universal and Transferable Adversarial Attacks on Aligned Language ModelsAndy Zou, Zifan Wang, Nicholas Carlini, et al.2023 · 951 citations
  43. Extracting Training Data from Large Language ModelsNicholas Carlini, Florian Tramer, Eric Wallace, et al.2020 · 901 citations
  44. Segment AnythingAlexander Kirillov, Eric Mintun, Nikhila Ravi, et al.2023 · 865 citations
  45. GPT-NeoX-20B: An Open-Source Autoregressive Language ModelSidney Black, Stella Biderman, Eric Hallahan, et al.2022 · 818 citations
  46. Harnessing the Power of LLMs in Practice: A Survey on ChatGPT and BeyondJingfeng Yang, Hongye Jin, Ruixiang Tang, et al.2023 · 806 citations
  47. Explainability for Large Language Models: A SurveyHaiyan Zhao, Hanjie Chen, Fan Yang, et al.2023 · 785 citations
  48. Can Large Language Models Transform Computational Social Science?Caleb Ziems, William Held, Omar Shaikh, et al.2023 · 776 citations
  49. Reproducible scaling laws for contrastive language-image learningMehdi Cherti, Romain Beaumont, Ross Wightman, et al.2022 · 750 citations
  50. AdapterHub: A Framework for Adapting TransformersJonas Pfeiffer, Andreas Rücklé, Clifton Poth, et al.2020 · 747 citations
  51. Few-Shot Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning is Better and Cheaper than In-Context LearningHaokun Liu, Derek Tam, Mohammed Muqeeth, et al.2022 · 735 citations
  52. Capabilities of GPT-4 on Medical Challenge ProblemsHarsha Nori, Nicholas King, Scott Mayer McKinney, et al.2023 · 700 citations
  53. CAMEL: Communicative Agents for "Mind" Exploration of Large Language Model SocietyGuohao Li, Hasan Abed Al Kader Hammoud, Hani Itani, et al.2023 · 689 citations
  54. Large Language Models Are Human-Level Prompt EngineersYongchao Zhou, Andrei Ioan Muresanu, Ziwen Han, et al.2022 · 677 citations
  55. Jailbroken: How Does LLM Safety Training Fail?Alexander Wei, Nika Haghtalab, Jacob Steinhardt2023 · 659 citations
  56. BloombergGPT: A Large Language Model for FinanceShijie Wu, Ozan Irsoy, Steven Lu, et al.2023 · 608 citations
  57. HybridFlow: A Flexible and Efficient RLHF FrameworkGuangming Sheng, Chi Zhang, Zilingfeng Ye, et al.2024 · 598 citations
  58. The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction TuningShayne Longpre, Le Hou, Tu Vu, et al.2023 · 590 citations
  59. s1: Simple test-time scalingNiklas Muennighoff, Zitong Yang, Weijia Shi, et al.2025 · 584 citations
  60. Language Models Don't Always Say What They Think: Unfaithful Explanations in Chain-of-Thought PromptingMiles Turpin, Julian Michael, Ethan Perez, et al.2023 · 568 citations
  61. Document Ranking with a Pretrained Sequence-to-Sequence ModelRodrigo Nogueira, Zhiying Jiang, Ronak Pradeep, et al.2020 · 538 citations
  62. Jailbreaking Black Box Large Language Models in Twenty QueriesPatrick Chao, Alexander Robey, Edgar Dobriban, et al.2023 · 533 citations
  63. LAION-400M: Open Dataset of CLIP-Filtered 400 Million Image-Text PairsChristoph Schuhmann, Richard Vencu, Romain Beaumont, et al.2021 · 528 citations
  64. Instruction Tuning for Large Language Models: A SurveyShengyu Zhang, Linfeng Dong, Xiaoya Li, et al.2023 · 515 citations
  65. Baichuan 2: Open Large-scale Language ModelsAiyuan Yang, Bin Xiao, Bingning Wang, et al.2023 · 512 citations
  66. OpenAssistant Conversations — Democratizing Large Language Model AlignmentAndreas Köpf, Yannic Kilcher, Dimitri von Rütte, et al.2023 · 505 citations
  67. Multilingual Machine Translation with Large Language Models: Empirical Results and AnalysisWenhao Zhu, Hongyi Liu, Qingxiu Dong, et al.2024 · 503 citations
  68. Phi-4 Technical ReportMarah Abdin, Jyoti Aneja, Harkirat Behl, et al.2024 · 489 citations
  69. GLaM: Efficient Scaling of Language Models with Mixture-of-ExpertsNan Du, Yanping Huang, Andrew M. Dai, et al.2021 · 474 citations
  70. Inference-Time Intervention: Eliciting Truthful Answers from a Language ModelKenneth Li, Oam Patel, Fernanda Viegas, et al.2023 · 473 citations
  71. Large Language Models: A SurveyShervin Minaee, Tomas Mikolov, Narjes Nikzad, et al.2024 · 467 citations
  72. XCOPA: A Multilingual Dataset for Causal Commonsense ReasoningEdoardo Maria Ponti, Goran Glavaš, Olga Majewska, et al.2020 · 465 citations
  73. Red Teaming Language Models to Reduce Harms: Methods, Scaling Behaviors, and Lessons LearnedDeep Ganguli, Liane Lovitt, Jackson Kernion, et al.2022 · 456 citations
  74. OlympiadBench: A Challenging Benchmark for Promoting AGI with Olympiad-Level Bilingual Multimodal Scientific ProblemsChaoqun He, Renjie Luo, Yuzhuo Bai, et al.2024 · 448 citations
  75. The Falcon Series of Open Language ModelsEbtesam Almazrouei, Hamza Alobeidli, Abdulaziz Alshamsi, et al.2023 · 436 citations
  76. Large Legal Fictions: Profiling Legal Hallucinations in Large Language ModelsMatthew Dahl, Varun Magesh, Mirac Suzgun, et al.2024 · 431 citations
  77. AlpacaFarm: A Simulation Framework for Methods that Learn from Human FeedbackYann Dubois, Xuechen Li, Rohan Taori, et al.2023 · 423 citations
  78. Security and Privacy Challenges of Large Language Models: A SurveyBadhan Chandra Das, M. Hadi Amini, Yanzhao Wu2024 · 422 citations
  79. Kimi k1.5: Scaling Reinforcement Learning with LLMsKimi Team, Angang Du, Bofei Gao, et al.2025 · 413 citations
  80. Yi: Open Foundation Models by 01.AIAlex Young, Bei Chen, Chao Li, et al.2024 · 402 citations
  81. LongT5: Efficient Text-To-Text Transformer for Long SequencesMandy Guo, Joshua Ainslie, David Uthus, et al.2022 · 398 citations
  82. Large Language Models Cannot Self-Correct Reasoning YetJie Huang, Xinyun Chen, Swaroop Mishra, et al.2023 · 396 citations
  83. Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect?Shibani Santurkar, Esin Durmus, Faisal Ladhak, et al.2023 · 390 citations
  84. Large Language Models as OptimizersChengrun Yang, Xuezhi Wang, Yifeng Lu, et al.2023 · 388 citations
  85. Representation Engineering: A Top-Down Approach to AI TransparencyAndy Zou, Long Phan, Sarah Chen, et al.2023 · 386 citations
  86. A Survey on Model Compression for Large Language ModelsXunyu Zhu, Jian Li, Yong Liu, et al.2024 · 381 citations
  87. ChatDev: Communicative Agents for Software DevelopmentChen Qian, Wei Liu, Hongzhang Liu, et al.2023 · 373 citations
  88. A Survey on Large Language Models for Code GenerationJuyong Jiang, Fan Wang, Jiasi Shen, et al.2024 · 366 citations
  89. Towards Understanding Sycophancy in Language ModelsMrinank Sharma, Meg Tong, Tomasz Korbak, et al.2023 · 354 citations
  90. BeaverTails: Towards Improved Safety Alignment of LLM via a Human-Preference DatasetJiaming Ji, Mickel Liu, Juntao Dai, et al.2023 · 351 citations
  91. TinyLlama: An Open-Source Small Language ModelPeiyuan Zhang, Guangtao Zeng, Tianduo Wang, et al.2024 · 350 citations
  92. Reformulating Unsupervised Style Transfer as Paraphrase GenerationKalpesh Krishna, John Wieting, Mohit Iyyer2020 · 348 citations
  93. Improving alignment of dialogue agents via targeted human judgementsAmelia Glaese, Nat McAleese, Maja Trębacz, et al.2022 · 346 citations
  94. Toxicity in chatgpt: Analyzing persona-assigned language modelsAmeet Deshpande, Vishvak Murahari, Tanmay Rajpurohit, et al.2023 · 344 citations
  95. Complexity-Based Prompting for Multi-Step ReasoningYao Fu, Hao Peng, Ashish Sabharwal, et al.2022 · 343 citations
  96. PaLI: A Jointly-Scaled Multilingual Language-Image ModelXi Chen, Xiao Wang, Soravit Changpinyo, et al.2022 · 339 citations
  97. Large Language Models for Information Retrieval: A SurveyYutao Zhu; Huaying Yuan; Shuting Wang; Jiongnan Liu; Wenhan Liu; Chenlong Deng; Haonan Chen; Zheng Liu; Zhicheng Dou;, Ji-Rong Wen2023 · 335 citations
  98. UL2: Unifying Language Learning ParadigmsYi Tay, Mostafa Dehghani, Vinh Q. Tran, et al.2022 · 334 citations
  99. AutoDAN: Generating Stealthy Jailbreak Prompts on Aligned Large Language ModelsXiaogeng Liu, Nan Xu, Muhao Chen, et al.2023 · 333 citations
  100. Fine-tuning Aligned Language Models Compromises Safety, Even When Users Do Not Intend To!Xiangyu Qi, Yi Zeng, Tinghao Xie, et al.2023 · 331 citations

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