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MMICL: Empowering Vision-language Model with Multi-Modal In-Context Learning

Paper · 2023 · Haozhe Zhao, Zefan Cai, Shuzheng Si et al.

Summary

Most vision-language models (VLMs) built on large language models handle prompts with a single image well. They falter when a query interleaves several images with text, refers to specific images by words, or supplies multi-modal demonstrations for in-context learning (ICL). The authors trace this to web-crawled pre-training data, which rarely contains explicit text-to-image links or closely related image sets.

MMICL addresses this in three ways:

  • Architecture. Image and text embeddings are treated as equals. A ViT encoder and a Q-former produce visual tokens that can be placed anywhere in the prompt.
  • Context scheme. Each image is tagged with a proxy token and introduced by a short textual declaration.
  • MIC dataset. Existing datasets are reformatted under this scheme. It adds image sets with spatial, temporal and logical links, taken from video frames and object crops.

The resulting model sets new zero-shot state-of-the-art results on MME and MMBench. It also improves notably on multi-image reasoning and shows reduced language bias, a common cause of hallucination. This matters for any application that needs grounded reasoning over several images at once. Code, data and model are public.

Key points

  • Model design. Visual embeddings from the Q-former are projected by a fully connected layer into the LLM's embedding space (FlanT5 backbone). Within the LLM's attention layers, the query and value projections are made trainable.
  • Image declarations. Unique proxy tokens such as [IMG0] let the text refer explicitly to particular images.
  • Reported gains. The authors report about 13 points improvement on Winoground (compositionality) and about 12 points on RAVEN (multi-image reasoning).
  • Multi-image comparison. On NLVR2 / IconQA-img / Raven, MMICL scores 66.6 / 60.85 / 34.0. InstructBLIP scores 53.95 / 45.10 / 10.0, and Otter scores 47.2 / 34.1 / 22.0.
  • Limitations.
    • Tuning used at most eight images per instance, though the model still worked with 12–16 video frames.
    • Decoder-only LLM backbones remain largely untested.
  • Resources. Everything is released at github.com/PKUnlp-icler/MIC.

Our summary of the paper, in our own words — not its text. The work belongs to its authors; read it at the links above.

 Institutions

 Fields, topics and concepts

Cite

Cite as Haozhe Zhao, Zefan Cai, Shuzheng Si, Xiaojian Ma, Kaikai An, Liang Chen, Zixuan Liu, Sheng Wang, Wenjuan Han and Baobao Chang. 2023. MMICL: Empowering Vision-language Model with Multi-Modal In-Context Learning. arXiv:2309.07915.

The paper itself, not this page. BibTeX from the library's record of the work. DOI 10.48550/arxiv.2309.07915 · arXiv 2309.07915

@misc{zhao2023mmicl,
  title = {{MMICL: Empowering Vision-language Model with Multi-Modal In-Context Learning}},
  author = {Haozhe Zhao, Zefan Cai, Shuzheng Si, Xiaojian Ma, Kaikai An, Liang Chen, Zixuan Liu, Sheng Wang, Wenjuan Han and Baobao Chang},
  year = {2023},
  doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2309.07915},
  eprint = {2309.07915},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2309.07915}
}

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