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Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Context

Summary

Before MS COCO, most object recognition benchmarks rewarded systems that did well on clean, centered "iconic" photos, and they measured localization only with coarse bounding boxes. Microsoft Common Objects in COntext (MS COCO) was built to move the field toward full scene understanding. It targets three things: recognizing objects that are seen from unusual angles, partly hidden, small or in clutter; reasoning about which objects appear together; and localizing each object exactly at the pixel level. The authors collected photos of everyday scenes by searching the web for pairs of objects and for scene types. Crowd workers on Amazon Mechanical Turk then labeled the images in stages: first which categories are present (in a hierarchy), then where each instance is, and finally a verified outline for each instance. The finished resource has 91 everyday "thing" categories and about 2.5 million labeled instances in 328k images. Compared with PASCAL VOC, ImageNet and SUN, it has many more instances per image and per category. Baseline experiments with a Deformable Parts Model show that detectors trained on COCO handle cluttered real scenes better. COCO became a standard benchmark for detection and instance segmentation.

Key points

  • 91 categories were chosen from 272 candidates and grouped into 11 super-categories. For 82 of them there are more than 5,000 labeled instances. 11 of the 91 were left out of the 2014 release.
  • On average there are 7.7 labeled instances per image, compared with 3.0 for ImageNet and 2.3 for PASCAL VOC. SUN has more labels per image but far fewer instances in total.
  • Only countable "thing" classes (person, chair, car) are labeled. Background "stuff" such as sky or grass is left out because the goal is precise localization of individual instances.
  • Pairing object queries with scene queries (e.g., kitchen, street, beach) produced images with context and non-iconic views.
  • Baselines use a Deformable Parts Model for both bounding-box and segmentation detection.

Our summary of the paper, in our own words — not its text. The work belongs to its authors; read it at the links above.

Fields: Other

Cited by

1981 papers of our library cite it (of the 140673 whose bibliographies we read); 116 of them have a page here, the first 100 below, 1865 not yet.

Cite

The paper itself, not this page. BibTeX from the library's record of the work. DOI 10.48550/arxiv.1405.0312 · arXiv 1405.0312

@misc{lin2014microsoft,
  title = {{Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Context}},
  author = {Lin, Tsung-Yi and Maire, Michael and Belongie, Serge and Bourdev, Lubomir and Girshick, Ross and Hays, James and Perona, Pietro and Ramanan, Deva and Zitnick, C. Lawrence and Dollár, Piotr},
  year = {2014},
  doi = {10.48550/arxiv.1405.0312},
  eprint = {1405.0312},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1405.0312}
}

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