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🧮 Reasoning

508 papers · page 3 of 6 · 126–225 · the most cited first · all topics

Logic, inference and step-by-step problem solving: entailment, commonsense, mathematics.

 Papers (508)

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  1. Generative Language Modeling for Automated Theorem ProvingarXiv:2009.03393Stanislas Polu, Ilya Sutskever2020 · 236 citations
  2. SemEval-2013 Task 7: The Joint Student Response Analysis and 8th Recognizing Textual Entailment ChallengeJoint Conference on Lexical and Computational Semantics (*SEM)Myroslava Dzikovska, Rodney Nielsen, Chris Brew, et al.2013 · 235 citations
  3. Commonsense Knowledge Base CompletionAnnual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)Xiang Li, Aynaz Taheri, Lifu Tu, et al.2016 · 233 citations
  4. Compositional Questions Do Not Necessitate Multi-hop ReasoningAnnual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)Sewon Min, Eric Wallace, Sameer Singh, et al.2019 · 231 citations
  5. Commonsense for Generative Multi-Hop Question Answering TasksConference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)Lisa Bauer, Yicheng Wang, Mohit Bansal2018 · 229 citations
  6. Coreferential Reasoning Learning for Language RepresentationConference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)Deming Ye, Yankai Lin, Jiaju Du, et al.2020 · 225 citations
  7. Specializing Smaller Language Models towards Multi-Step ReasoningarXiv:2301.12726Yao Fu, Hao Peng, Litu Ou, et al.2023 · 222 citations
  8. ToRA: A Tool-Integrated Reasoning Agent for Mathematical Problem SolvingarXiv:2309.17452Zhibin Gou, Zhihong Shao, Yeyun Gong, et al.2023 · 222 citations
  9. Reasoning Over Semantic-Level Graph for Fact CheckingAnnual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)Wanjun Zhong, Jingjing Xu, Duyu Tang, et al.2020 · 221 citations
  10. Distilling Reasoning Capabilities into Smaller Language ModelsFindings of the Association for Computational LinguisticsKumar Shridhar, Alessandro Stolfo, Mrinmaya Sachan2023 · 217 citations
  11. FOLIO: Natural Language Reasoning with First-Order LogicarXiv:2209.00840Simeng Han, Hailey Schoelkopf, Yilun Zhao, et al.2022 · 217 citations
  12. Birds have four legs?! NumerSense: Probing Numerical Commonsense Knowledge of Pre-Trained Language ModelsConference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)Bill Yuchen Lin, Seyeon Lee, Rahul Khanna, et al.2020 · 217 citations
  13. The Argument Reasoning Comprehension Task: Identification and Reconstruction of Implicit WarrantsConference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (NAACL)Ivan Habernal, Henning Wachsmuth, Iryna Gurevych, et al.2018 · 217 citations
  14. Making Language Models Better Reasoners with Step-Aware VerifierAnnual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)Yifei Li, Zeqi Lin, Shizhuo Zhang, et al.2023 · 216 citations
  15. Evaluating the Logical Reasoning Ability of ChatGPT and GPT-4arXiv:2304.03439Hanmeng Liu, Ruoxi Ning, Zhiyang Teng, et al.2023 · 215 citations
  16. Maieutic Prompting: Logically Consistent Reasoning with Recursive ExplanationsConference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)Jaehun Jung, Lianhui Qin, Sean Welleck, et al.2022 · 214 citations
  17. Same Task, More Tokens: the Impact of Input Length on the Reasoning Performance of Large Language ModelsAnnual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)Mosh Levy, Alon Jacoby, Yoav Goldberg2024 · 212 citations
  18. SemEval-2012 Task 7: Choice of Plausible Alternatives: An Evaluation of Commonsense Causal ReasoningJoint Conference on Lexical and Computational Semantics (*SEM)Andrew Gordon, Zornitsa Kozareva, Melissa Roemmele2012 · 212 citations
  19. Dynamic Prompt Learning via Policy Gradient for Semi-structured Mathematical ReasoningarXiv:2209.14610Pan Lu, Liang Qiu, Kai-Wei Chang, et al.2022 · 210 citations
  20. PlanBench: An Extensible Benchmark for Evaluating Large Language Models on Planning and Reasoning about ChangeConference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS)Karthik Valmeekam, Matthew Marquez, Alberto Olmo, et al.2022 · 209 citations
  21. Reasoning with Multimodal Sarcastic Tweets via Modeling Cross-Modality Contrast and Semantic AssociationAnnual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)Nan Xu, Zhixiong Zeng, Wenji Mao2020 · 206 citations
  22. Search-o1: Agentic Search-Enhanced Large Reasoning ModelsConference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)Xiaoxi Li, Guanting Dong, Jiajie Jin, et al.2025 · 205 citations
  23. LIMO: Less is More for ReasoningarXiv:2502.03387Yixin Ye, Zhen Huang, Yang Xiao, et al.2025 · 204 citations
  24. SODA: Million-scale Dialogue Distillation with Social Commonsense ContextualizationConference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)Hyunwoo Kim, Jack Hessel, Liwei Jiang, et al.2023 · 201 citations
  25. Measuring Multimodal Mathematical Reasoning with MATH-Vision DatasetConference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS)Ke Wang, Junting Pan, Weikang Shi, et al.2024 · 198 citations
  26. Reasoning about Pragmatics with Neural Listeners and SpeakersConference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)Jacob Andreas, Dan Klein2016 · 198 citations
  27. Does Reinforcement Learning Really Incentivize Reasoning Capacity in LLMs Beyond the Base Model?arXiv:2504.13837 · NeurIPS 2025 Oral; ICML 2025 AI4MATH workshop best paperYang Yue, Zhiqi Chen, Rui Lu, et al.2025 · 196 citations
  28. The Unreliability of Explanations in Few-shot Prompting for Textual ReasoningConference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS)Xi Ye, Greg Durrett2022 · 196 citations
  29. Generative Data Augmentation for Commonsense ReasoningFindings of the Association for Computational LinguisticsYiben Yang, Chaitanya Malaviya, Jared Fernandez, et al.2020 · 195 citations
  30. What Can We Learn from Collective Human Opinions on Natural Language Inference Data?Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)Yixin Nie, Xiang Zhou, Mohit Bansal2020 · 193 citations
  31. Ordinal Common-sense InferenceTransactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics (TACL)Sheng Zhang, Rachel Rudinger, Kevin Duh, et al.2017 · 192 citations
  32. MuTual: A Dataset for Multi-Turn Dialogue ReasoningAnnual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)Leyang Cui, Yu Wu, Shujie Liu, et al.2020 · 190 citations
  33. Collecting Diverse Natural Language Inference Problems for Sentence Representation EvaluationConference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)Adam Poliak, Aparajita Haldar, Rachel Rudinger, et al.2018 · 190 citations
  34. Do NOT Think That Much for 2+3=? On the Overthinking of o1-Like LLMsarXiv:2412.21187Xingyu Chen, Jiahao Xu, Tian Liang, et al.2024 · 188 citations
  35. Mathematical Discoveries from Program Search with Large Language ModelsNature 625Bernardino Romera-Paredes, Mohammadamin Barekatain, Alexander Novikov, et al.2023 · 185 citations
  36. GeoQA: A Geometric Question Answering Benchmark Towards Multimodal Numerical ReasoningFindings of the Association for Computational LinguisticsJiaqi Chen, Jianheng Tang, Jinghui Qin, et al.2021 · 183 citations
  37. Grounded Conversation Generation as Guided Traverses in Commonsense Knowledge GraphsAnnual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)Houyu Zhang, Zhenghao Liu, Chenyan Xiong, et al.2020 · 183 citations
  38. Large Language Models are few(1)-shot Table ReasonersFindings of the Association for Computational LinguisticsWenhu Chen2023 · 182 citations
  39. NILE : Natural Language Inference with Faithful Natural Language ExplanationsAnnual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)Sawan Kumar, Partha Talukdar2020 · 182 citations
  40. On Second Thought, Let's Not Think Step by Step! Bias and Toxicity in Zero-Shot ReasoningAnnual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)Omar Shaikh, Hongxin Zhang, William Held, et al.2023 · 180 citations
  41. LILA: A Unified Benchmark for Mathematical ReasoningConference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)Swaroop Mishra, Matthew Finlayson, Pan Lu, et al.2022 · 177 citations
  42. ContractNLI: A Dataset for Document-level Natural Language Inference for ContractsFindings of the Association for Computational LinguisticsYuta Koreeda, Christopher Manning2021 · 177 citations
  43. Draft, Sketch, and Prove: Guiding Formal Theorem Provers with Informal ProofsarXiv:2210.12283Albert Q. Jiang, Sean Welleck, Jin Peng Zhou, et al.2022 · 176 citations
  44. Towards Reasoning Era: A Survey of Long Chain-of-Thought for Reasoning Large Language ModelsScience China Information SciencesQiguang Chen, Libo Qin, Jinhao Liu, et al.2025 · 174 citations
  45. Reasoning Over Paragraph Effects in SituationsWorkshop on Machine Reading for Question AnsweringKevin Lin, Oyvind Tafjord, Peter Clark, et al.2019 · 174 citations
  46. ConvFinQA: Exploring the Chain of Numerical Reasoning in Conversational Finance Question AnsweringConference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)Zhiyu Chen, Shiyang Li, Charese Smiley, et al.2022 · 172 citations
  47. LINC: A Neurosymbolic Approach for Logical Reasoning by Combining Language Models with First-Order Logic ProversConference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)Theo X. Olausson, Alex Gu, Benjamin Lipkin, et al.2023 · 171 citations
  48. Social Bias in Elicited Natural Language InferencesACL Workshop on Ethics in Natural Language ProcessingRachel Rudinger, Chandler May, Benjamin Van Durme2017 · 168 citations
  49. From System 1 to System 2: A Survey of Reasoning Large Language ModelsarXiv:2502.17419Zhong-Zhi Li, Duzhen Zhang, Ming-Liang Zhang, et al.2025 · 163 citations
  50. Improve Mathematical Reasoning in Language Models by Automated Process SupervisionarXiv:2406.06592Liangchen Luo, Yinxiao Liu, Rosanne Liu, et al.2024 · 163 citations
  51. Theano: A Python framework for fast computation of mathematical expressionsarXiv:1605.02688The Theano Development Team, Rami Al-Rfou, Guillaume Alain, et al.2016 · 163 citations
  52. Impact of Pretraining Term Frequencies on Few-Shot Numerical ReasoningFindings of the Association for Computational LinguisticsYasaman Razeghi, Robert L Logan IV, Matt Gardner, et al.2022 · 162 citations
  53. Reasoning with Language Model Prompting: A SurveyarXiv:2212.09597Shuofei Qiao, Yixin Ou, Ningyu Zhang, et al.2022 · 161 citations
  54. Are Natural Language Inference Models IMPPRESsive? Learning IMPlicature and PRESuppositionPaloma Jeretic, Alex Warstadt, Suvrat Bhooshan, et al.2020 · 161 citations
  55. Orca 2: Teaching Small Language Models How to ReasonarXiv:2311.11045Arindam Mitra, Luciano Del Corro, Shweti Mahajan, et al.2023 · 160 citations
  56. InternVL3.5: Advancing Open-Source Multimodal Models in Versatility, Reasoning, and EfficiencyarXiv:2508.18265Weiyun Wang, Zhangwei Gao, Lixin Gu, et al.2025 · 159 citations
  57. GLM-4.5: Agentic, Reasoning, and Coding (ARC) Foundation ModelsarXiv:2508.06471Aohan Zeng, Xin Lv, Qinkai Zheng, et al.2025 · 157 citations
  58. SemEval-2020 Task 4: Commonsense Validation and ExplanationInternational Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval)Cunxiang Wang, Shuailong Liang, Yili Jin, et al.2020 · 157 citations
  59. The Lessons of Developing Process Reward Models in Mathematical ReasoningFindings of the Association for Computational LinguisticsZhenru Zhang, Chujie Zheng, Yangzhen Wu, et al.2025 · 155 citations
  60. ReConcile: Round-Table Conference Improves Reasoning via Consensus among Diverse LLMsAnnual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)Justin Chen, Swarnadeep Saha, Mohit Bansal2024 · 154 citations
  61. Stop Overthinking: A Survey on Efficient Reasoning for Large Language ModelsarXiv:2503.16419Yang Sui, Yu-Neng Chuang, Guanchu Wang, et al.2025 · 153 citations
  62. Can GPT-3 Perform Statutory Reasoning?arXiv:2302.06100Andrew Blair-Stanek, Nils Holzenberger, Benjamin Van Durme2023 · 153 citations
  63. REFINER: Reasoning Feedback on Intermediate RepresentationsarXiv:2304.01904Debjit Paul, Mete Ismayilzada, Maxime Peyrard, et al.2023 · 152 citations
  64. The Lean 4 Theorem Prover and Programming Language (System Description)CADE-28 (LNCS 12,699), SpringerLeonardo de Moura, Sebastian Ullrich2021 · 150 citations
  65. SciBench: Evaluating College-Level Scientific Problem-Solving Abilities of Large Language ModelsarXiv:2307.10635Xiaoxuan Wang, Ziniu Hu, Pan Lu, et al.2023 · 149 citations
  66. HyperTree Proof Search for Neural Theorem ProvingConference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS)Guillaume Lample, Marie-Anne Lachaux, Thibaut Lavril, et al.2022 · 149 citations
  67. ROSCOE: A Suite of Metrics for Scoring Step-by-Step ReasoningarXiv:2212.07919Olga Golovneva, Moya Chen, Spencer Poff, et al.2022 · 149 citations
  68. SimpleRL-Zoo: Investigating and Taming Zero Reinforcement Learning for Open Base Models in the WildarXiv:2503.18892Weihao Zeng, Yuzhen Huang, Qian Liu, et al.2025 · 148 citations
  69. OCNLI: Original Chinese Natural Language InferencearXiv:2010.05444Hai Hu, Kyle Richardson, Liang Xu, et al.2020 · 147 citations
  70. Neural Models for Reasoning over Multiple Mentions Using CoreferenceConference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (NAACL)Bhuwan Dhingra, Qiao Jin, Zhilin Yang, et al.2018 · 147 citations
  71. NaturalLI: Natural Logic Inference for Common Sense ReasoningConference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)Gabor Angeli, Christopher D. Manning2014 · 147 citations
  72. rStar-Math: Small LLMs Can Master Math Reasoning with Self-Evolved Deep ThinkingarXiv:2501.04519Xinyu Guan, Li Lyna Zhang, Yifei Liu, et al.2025 · 146 citations
  73. Fact-Checking Complex Claims with Program-Guided ReasoningAnnual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)Liangming Pan, Xiaobao Wu, Xinyuan Lu, et al.2023 · 146 citations
  74. Understanding Dataset Design Choices for Multi-hop ReasoningConference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (NAACL)Jifan Chen, Greg Durrett2019 · 146 citations
  75. SCOTT: Self-Consistent Chain-of-Thought DistillationAnnual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)Peifeng Wang, Zhengyang Wang, Zheng Li, et al.2023 · 145 citations
  76. Self-Evaluation Guided Beam Search for ReasoningConference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS)Yuxi Xie, Kenji Kawaguchi, Yiran Zhao, et al.2023 · 145 citations
  77. Iterative Reasoning Preference OptimizationConference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS)Richard Yuanzhe Pang, Weizhe Yuan, Kyunghyun Cho, et al.2024 · 144 citations
  78. Verify-and-Edit: A Knowledge-Enhanced Chain-of-Thought FrameworkAnnual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)Ruochen Zhao, Xingxuan Li, Shafiq Joty, et al.2023 · 144 citations
  79. Mapping to Declarative Knowledge for Word Problem SolvingSubhro Roy, Dan Roth2018 · 143 citations
  80. Beyond the 80/20 Rule: High-Entropy Minority Tokens Drive Effective Reinforcement Learning for LLM ReasoningConference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS)Shenzhi Wang, Le Yu, Chang Gao, et al.2025 · 142 citations
  81. Are Large Language Models Really Good Logical Reasoners? A Comprehensive Evaluation and BeyondIEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data EngineeringFangzhi Xu, Qika Lin, Jiawei Han, et al.2023 · 141 citations
  82. How does GPT-2 compute greater-than?: Interpreting mathematical abilities in a pre-trained language modelConference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS)Michael Hanna, Ollie Liu, Alexandre Variengien2023 · 140 citations
  83. Avoiding Reasoning Shortcuts: Adversarial Evaluation, Training, and Model Development for Multi-Hop QAAnnual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)Yichen Jiang, Mohit Bansal2019 · 140 citations
  84. Symbolic Chain-of-Thought Distillation: Small Models Can Also “Think” Step-by-StepAnnual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)Liunian Harold Li, Jack Hessel, Youngjae Yu, et al.2023 · 139 citations
  85. Unleashing the Emergent Cognitive Synergy in Large Language Models: A Task-Solving Agent through Multi-Persona Self-CollaborationarXiv:2307.05300Zhenhailong Wang, Shaoguang Mao, Wenshan Wu, et al.2023 · 139 citations
  86. Question Answering by Reasoning Across Documents with Graph Convolutional NetworksConference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (NAACL)Nicola De Cao, Wilker Aziz, Ivan Titov2019 · 136 citations
  87. Token-Budget-Aware LLM ReasoningarXiv:2412.18547Tingxu Han, Zhenting Wang, Chunrong Fang, et al.2024 · 135 citations
  88. Beyond Human Data: Scaling Self-Training for Problem-Solving with Language ModelsarXiv:2312.06585Avi Singh, John D. Co-Reyes, Rishabh Agarwal, et al.2023 · 134 citations
  89. Enhancing Zero-shot and Few-shot Stance Detection with Commonsense Knowledge GraphFindings of the Association for Computational LinguisticsRui Liu, Zheng Lin, Yutong Tan, et al.2021 · 134 citations
  90. Inter-GPS: Interpretable Geometry Problem Solving with Formal Language and Symbolic ReasoningarXiv:2105.04165Pan Lu, Ran Gong, Shibiao Jiang, et al.2021 · 134 citations
  91. Recent Advances in Natural Language Inference: A Survey of Benchmarks, Resources, and ApproachesarXiv:1904.01172Shane Storks, Qiaozi Gao, Joyce Y. Chai2019 · 134 citations
  92. To CoT or not to CoT? Chain-of-thought helps mainly on math and symbolic reasoningarXiv:2409.12183Zayne Sprague, Fangcong Yin, Juan Diego Rodriguez, et al.2024 · 133 citations
  93. Formal Mathematics Statement Curriculum LearningarXiv:2202.01344Stanislas Polu, Jesse Michael Han, Kunhao Zheng, et al.2022 · 132 citations
  94. ReFT: Reasoning with Reinforced Fine-TuningAnnual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)Luong Trung, Xinbo Zhang, Zhanming Jie, et al.2024 · 131 citations
  95. LongBench v2: Towards Deeper Understanding and Reasoning on Realistic Long-context MultitasksarXiv:2412.15204Yushi Bai, Shangqing Tu, Jiajie Zhang, et al.2024 · 130 citations
  96. MathDial: A Dialogue Tutoring Dataset with Rich Pedagogical Properties Grounded in Math Reasoning ProblemsFindings of the Association for Computational LinguisticsJakub Macina, Nico Daheim, Sankalan Chowdhury, et al.2023 · 130 citations
  97. An Analysis of Natural Language Inference Benchmarks through the Lens of NegationMd Mosharaf Hossain, Venelin Kovatchev, Pranoy Dutta, et al.2020 · 130 citations
  98. Unit Dependency Graph and its Application to Arithmetic Word Problem SolvingSubhro Roy, Dan Roth2017 · 130 citations
  99. Faithful Logical Reasoning via Symbolic Chain-of-ThoughtAnnual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)Jundong Xu, Hao Fei, Liangming Pan, et al.2024 · 129 citations
  100. Automatic Prompt Augmentation and Selection with Chain-of-Thought from Labeled DataFindings of the Association for Computational LinguisticsKashun Shum, Shizhe Diao, Tong Zhang2023 · 128 citations

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