🧷 Idioms & multiword expressions
Phrases that mean more than their words: idioms, collocations, light verbs and phrasal verbs.
- Discriminative Lexical Semantic Segmentation with Gaps: Running the MWE GamutNathan Schneider, Emily Danchik, Chris Dyer, et al.2014 · 159 citations
- A Report on the 2020 VUA and TOEFL Metaphor Detection Shared TaskChee Wee (Ben) Leong, Beata Beigman Klebanov, Chris Hamill, et al.2020 · 138 citations
- FLUTE: Figurative Language Understanding through Textual ExplanationsTuhin Chakrabarty, Arkadiy Saakyan, Debanjan Ghosh, et al.2022 · 131 citations
- Automatically Constructing a Lexicon of Verb Phrase Idiomatic CombinationsAfsaneh Fazly, Suzanne Stevenson2006 · 131 citations
- Edition 1.1 of the PARSEME Shared Task on Automatic Identification of Verbal Multiword ExpressionsCarlos Ramisch, Silvio Ricardo Cordeiro, Agata Savary, et al.2018 · 124 citations
- Comprehensive Annotation of Multiword Expressions in a Social Web CorpusNathan Schneider, Spencer Onuffer, Nora Kazour, et al.2014 · 120 citations
- MAGPIE: A Large Corpus of Potentially Idiomatic ExpressionsHessel Haagsma, Johan Bos, Malvina Nissim2020 · 116 citations
- A Corpus and Model Integrating Multiword Expressions and SupersensesNathan Schneider, Noah A. Smith2015 · 111 citations
- SemEval-2022 Task 2: Multilingual Idiomaticity Detection and Sentence EmbeddingHarish Tayyar Madabushi, Edward Gow-Smith, Marcos Garcia, et al.2022 · 108 citations
- Can Transformer be Too Compositional? Analysing Idiom Processing in Neural Machine TranslationVerna Dankers, Christopher Lucas, Ivan Titov2022 · 105 citations
- SemEval-2016 Task 10: Detecting Minimal Semantic Units and their Meanings (DiMSUM)Nathan Schneider, Dirk Hovy, Anders Johannsen, et al.2016 · 100 citations
- It's not Rocket Science: Interpreting Figurative Language in NarrativesTuhin Chakrabarty, Yejin Choi, Vered Shwartz2022 · 91 citations
- Probing for idiomaticity in vector space modelsMarcos Garcia, Tiago Kramer Vieira, Carolina Scarton, et al.2021 · 89 citations
- AStitchInLanguageModels: Dataset and Methods for the Exploration of Idiomaticity in Pre-Trained Language ModelsHarish Tayyar Madabushi, Edward Gow-Smith, Carolina Scarton, et al.2021 · 86 citations
- Multiword expressions: linguistic precision and reusabilityAnn Copestake, Fabre Lambeau, Aline Villavicencio, et al.2002 · 80 citations
- Multiword Expressions in the wild? The mwetoolkit comes in handyCarlos Ramisch, Aline Villavicencio, Christian Boitet2010 · 69 citations
- IMPLI: Investigating NLI Models' Performance on Figurative LanguageKevin Stowe, Prasetya Utama, Iryna Gurevych2022 · 68 citations
- Idiom Token Classification using Sentential Distributed SemanticsGiancarlo Salton, Robert Ross, John Kelleher2016 · 65 citations
- The Pragmatics behind Politics: Modelling Metaphor, Framing and Emotion in Political DiscoursePere-Lluís Huguet Cabot, Verna Dankers, David Abadi, et al.2020 · 64 citations
- Understanding Transformer Memorization Recall Through IdiomsAdi Haviv, Ido Cohen, Jacob Gidron, et al.2023 · 62 citations
- An Expert Lexicon Approach to Identifying English Phrasal VerbsWei Li, Xiuhong Zhang, Cheng Niu, et al.2003 · 50 citations
- ID10M: Idiom Identification in 10 LanguagesSimone Tedeschi, Federico Martelli, Roberto Navigli2022 · 49 citations
- Metaphor Understanding Challenge Dataset for LLMsXiaoyu Tong, Rochelle Choenni, Martha Lewis, et al.2024 · 47 citations
- Edition 1.2 of the PARSEME Shared Task on Semi-supervised Identification of Verbal Multiword ExpressionsCarlos Ramisch, Agata Savary, Bruno Guillaume, et al.2020 · 43 citations
- Pulling their Weight: Exploiting Syntactic Forms for the Automatic Identification of Idiomatic Expressions in ContextPaul Cook, Afsaneh Fazly, Suzanne Stevenson2007 · 42 citations
- Automatic Evaluation and Analysis of Idioms in Neural Machine TranslationChristos Baziotis, Prashant Mathur, Eva Hasler2023 · 40 citations
- Detecting Compositionality in Multi-Word ExpressionsIoannis Korkontzelos, Suresh Manandhar2009 · 35 citations
- Construction of English MWE Dictionary and its Application to POS TaggingYutaro Shigeto, Ai Azuma, Sorami Hisamoto, et al.2013 · 34 citations
- Chinese Idiom ParaphrasingJipeng Qiang, Yang Li, Chaowei Zhang, et al.2023 · 31 citations
- SemEval-2025 Task 1: AdMIRe - Advancing Multimodal Idiomaticity RepresentationThomas Pickard, Aline Villavicencio, Maggie Mi, et al.2025 · 30 citations
- Improving Surface-syntactic Universal Dependencies (SUD): MWEs and deep syntactic featuresKim Gerdes, Bruno Guillaume, Sylvain Kahane, et al.2019 · 30 citations
- Cross-Cultural Similarity Features for Cross-Lingual Transfer Learning of Pragmatically Motivated TasksJimin Sun, Hwijeen Ahn, Chan Young Park, et al.2021 · 28 citations
- A Hard Nut to Crack: Idiom Detection with Conversational Large Language ModelsFrancesca De Luca Fornaciari, Begoña Altuna, Itziar Gonzalez-Dios, et al.2024 · 22 citations
- Semantics of Multiword Expressions in Transformer-Based Models: A SurveyFilip Miletić, Sabine Schulte im Walde2024 · 20 citations
- MWEs in Treebanks: From Survey to GuidelinesVictoria Rosén, Koenraad De Smedt, Gyri Smørdal Losnegaard, et al.2016 · 19 citations
- Crossing the Threshold: Idiomatic Machine Translation through Retrieval Augmentation and Loss WeightingEmmy Liu, Aditi Chaudhary, Graham Neubig2023 · 17 citations
- Comparative Study of Multilingual Idioms and Similes in Large Language ModelsParia Khoshtab, Danial Namazifard, Mostafa Masoudi, et al.2025 · 14 citations
- Idioms in the Rosetta Machine Translation SystemAndre Schenk1986 · 14 citations
- from Benign import Toxic: Jailbreaking the Language Model via Adversarial MetaphorsYu Yan, Sheng Sun, Zenghao Duan, et al.2025 · 12 citations
- MWE as WSD: Solving Multiword Expression Identification with Word Sense DisambiguationJoshua Tanner, Jacob Hoffman2023 · 12 citations
- Construction of an English Dependency Corpus incorporating Compound Function WordsAkihiko Kato, Hiroyuki Shindo, Yuji Matsumoto2016 · 12 citations
- Multi-word expressions in textual inference: Much ado about nothing?Marie-Catherine de Marneffe, Sebastian Padó, Christopher D. Manning2009 · 12 citations
- Memorization or Reasoning? Exploring the Idiom Understanding of LLMsJisu Kim, Youngwoo Shin, Uiji Hwang, et al.2025 · 11 citations
- Are Frequent Phrases Directly Retrieved like Idioms? An Investigation with Self-Paced Reading and Language ModelsGiulia Rambelli, Emmanuele Chersoni, Marco S. G. Senaldi, et al.2023 · 11 citations
- How Are Idioms Processed Inside Transformer Language Models?Ye Tian, Isobel James, Hye Son2023 · 11 citations
- IEKG: A Commonsense Knowledge Graph for Idiomatic ExpressionsZiheng Zeng, Kellen Tan Cheng, Srihari Venkat Nanniyur, et al.2023 · 11 citations
- Comprehensive and Consistent PropBank Light Verb AnnotationClaire Bonial, Martha Palmer2016 · 10 citations
- Edition 2.0 of the PARSEME shared task on multilingual identification and paraphrasing of multiword expressionsManon Scholivet, Agata Savary, Carlos Ramisch, et al.2026 · 9 citations
- A Parallel Cross-Lingual Benchmark for Multimodal Idiomaticity UnderstandingDilara Torunoğlu-Selamet, Doğukan Arslan, Rodrigo Wilkens, et al.2026 · 8 citations
- Metaphorical Expressions in Automatic Arabic Sentiment AnalysisIsraa Alsiyat, Scott Piao2020 · 8 citations
- UMR Annotation of Multiword ExpressionsJulia Bonn, Andrew Cowell, Jan Hajič, et al.2023 · 7 citations
- English Multiword Expression-aware Dependency Parsing Including Named EntitiesAkihiko Kato, Hiroyuki Shindo, Yuji Matsumoto2017 · 7 citations
- A Lexical Resource of Hebrew Verb-Noun Multi-Word ExpressionsChaya Liebeskind, Yaakov HaCohen-Kerner2016 · 6 citations
- Unsupervised Construction of a Lexicon and a Repository of Variation Patterns for Arabic Modal Multiword ExpressionsRania Al-Sabbagh, Roxana Girju, Jana Diesner2014 · 6 citations
- A Survey of Idiom Datasets for Psycholinguistic and Computational ResearchMichael Flor, Xinyi Liu, Anna Feldman2025 · 5 citations
- Annotating Verbal Multiword Expressions in Arabic: Assessing the Validity of a Multilingual Annotation ProcedureNajet Hadj Mohamed, Cherifa Ben Khelil, Agata Savary, et al.2022 · 5 citations
- Diachronic Analysis of Multi-word Expression Functional Categories in Scientific EnglishDiego Alves, Stefania Degaetano-Ortlieb, Elena Schmidt, et al.2024 · 4 citations
- Neural Lemmatization of Multiword ExpressionsMarine Schmitt, Mathieu Constant2019 · 4 citations
- PARSEME 2.0 Multilingual Corpus of Multiword ExpressionsAgata Savary, Manon Scholivet, Carlos Ramisch, et al.2026 · 3 citations
- A Canonical Form for Flexible Multiword ExpressionsJan Odijk, Martin Kroon2024 · 3 citations
- A Dataset for Metaphor Detection in Early Medieval Hebrew PoetryMichael Toker, Oren Mishali, Ophir Münz-Manor, et al.2024 · 3 citations
- No Context Needed: Contextual Quandary In Idiomatic Reasoning With Pre-Trained Language ModelsKellen Tan Cheng, Suma Bhat2024 · 3 citations
- Analyzing the Turkish and Arabic Subtitle Translations of English Idioms in the Animated Movie Ice Age: The MeltdownArife Eray, Muammer Sarıkaya2023 · 3 citations
- Are idioms surprising?J. Nathanael Philipp, Michael Richter, Erik Daas, et al.2023 · 3 citations
- Token-level Identification of Multiword Expressions using Pre-trained Multilingual Language ModelsRaghuraman Swaminathan, Paul Cook2023 · 3 citations
- Extracting Headless MWEs from Dependency Parse Trees: Parsing, Tagging, and Joint Modeling ApproachesTianze Shi, Lillian Lee2020 · 3 citations
- Translating metaphors into Afrikaans in a source language-oriented translation of the Hebrew BibleVan der Merwe, Christo H. J., Elisabet Hendriks2006 · 3 citations
- Proceedings of the Joint Workshop on Multiword Expressions and Universal Dependencies (MWE-UD) @ LREC-COLING 20242024 · 2 citations
- On Quick Kisses and How to Make Them Count: A Study on Event Construal in Light Verb Constructions with BERTChenxin Liu, Emmanuele Chersoni2023 · 2 citations
- The Biblical Hebrew idiom ‘lift the face’ in the Septuagint of JobDouglas Mangum2018 · 2 citations
- Semantically Motivated Hebrew Verb-Noun Multi-Word Expressions IdentificationChaya Liebeskind, Yaakov HaCohen-Kerner2016 · 2 citations
- Domain-Dependent Detection of Light Verb ConstructionsIstván T. Nagy, Gábor Berend, György Móra, et al.2011 · 2 citations
- A framework for annotating and modelling intentions behind metaphor useGianluca Michelli, Xiaoyu Tong, Ekaterina Shutova2026 · 1 citation
- Automatic Detection of Metaphorical Expressions in Classical Japanese Using WLSP-Enhanced BERTHang Zhu, Mitoki Ohara, Rei Kikuchi, et al.2026 · 1 citation
- From Trial by Fire to Sleep like a Baby: A Lexicon of Anxiety Associations for 20K English Multi-Word ExpressionsSaif M. Mohammad2026 · 1 citation
- ITUNLP at MWE-2026 AdMIRe 2: A Zero-Shot LLM Pipeline for Multimodal Idiom Understanding and RankingAtakan Site, Oğuz Ali Arslan, Gülşen Eryiğit2026 · 1 citation
- SinFoS: A Parallel Dataset for Translating Sinhala Figures of SpeechJohan Nevin Sofalas, Dilushri Pavithra, Nevidu Jayatilleke, et al.2026 · 1 citation
- Surprisal and Metaphor Novelty Judgments: Moderate Correlations and Divergent Scaling Effects Revealed by Corpus-Based and Synthetic DatasetsOmar Momen, Emilie Sitter, Berenike Herrmann, et al.2026 · 1 citation
- Tug-of-war between idioms' figurative and literal interpretations in LLMsSoyoung Oh, Xinting Huang, Mathis Pink, et al.2026 · 1 citation
- Neo-Assyrian Metaphors through the Telescope: Linguistic Patterns involving Body Part Constructions in the State Archives Letter CorpusMatthew Ong, Shai Gordin2024 · 1 citation
- The acquisition of Hebrew idioms: Stages, internal composition, and implications for storageJulie Fadlon, Julia Horvath, Tal Siloni, et al.2018 · 1 citation
- A Curious Class of Adpositional Multiword Expressions in KoreanJunghyun Min, Na-Rae Han, Jena D. Hwang, et al.2026
- A Novel Dataset and Three Ways to Approach Automatic Metaphor Detection in German Religious Online ForumsSebastian Reimann, Tatjana Scheffler2026
- alexandru412 at MWE-2026 AdMIRe 2.0: Advancing Multimodal Idiomaticity RepresentationCristea Alexandru-Marian2026
- AraMIP: Extending MIPVU Towards Metaphor Identification in ArabicMandar Marathe, Manar Ali, Sara Nabhani, et al.2026
- Archaeology at MWE-2026 PARSEME 2.0 Subtasks 1 and 2: Parsing is for Encoders, Paraphrasing is for LLMsRares-Alexandru Roscan, Sergiu Nisioi2026
- Artful Writing, Authentic Emotions: Distinguishing Human-Written from LLM-Generated Metaphors by Annotation and ClassificationMichaela Regneri, Nooshin Aghajari, Thomas Kroedel2026
- Creation and Validation of a Monolingual Spanish NLI Dataset for Metaphor Interpretation via Model-in-the-LoopAlec Sanchez-Montero, Gemma Bel-Enguix, Sergio Luis Ojeda Trueba2026
- DAMETA: An LLM Benchmark for Danish Metaphor Interpretation with Systematically Varied DistractorsNina Skovgaard Schneidermann, Sanni Nimb, Nathalie Carmen Hau Norman, et al.2026
- Floating or Suggesting Ideas? A Large-Scale Contrastive Analysis of Metaphorical and Literal Verb–Object ConstructionsPrisca Piccirilli, Alexander Fraser, Sabine Schulte im Walde2026
- Harder than Finding the Lost Sheep? Towards Automatically Suggesting Deliberate Metaphor Annotations in German SermonsRonja Laarmann-Quante, Stefanie Dipper2026
- ID10M-JAM: Stress-Testing Idiom Identification Under Challenging ContextKai Golan Hashiloni, Lior Livyatan, Ofri Hefetz, et al.2026
- Incorporating Multiword Expressions in Galician Neural Machine Translation: Compositionality, Efficiency, and PerformanceDaniel Solla, Paula Pinto-Ferro, Laura Castro, et al.2026
- Introducing PerMet 1.0: A Metaphor-Annotated Corpus for PersianMohammad Saeid Miri2026
- LST at MWE-2026 AdMIRe 2: Advancing Multimodal Idiomaticity RepresentationLe Qiu, Yu-Yin Hsu, Emmanuele Chersoni2026
- Mapping Liberty Metaphors across Cultures and TimeSidney Suen, Rui Mao, Kenneth Kwok, et al.2026
- Measuring Idiomaticity in Text Embedding Models with epsilon-compositionalitySondre Wold, Étienne Simon, Erik Velldal, et al.2026
- Modelling Idiomatic Expressions in Abstract Meaning RepresentationVenera Gareeva, Johannes Heinecke2026
- MorphoFiltered-Gemini at MWE-2026 PARSEME 2.0 Subtask 1: Tackling LLM Overgeneration via Universal POS-based ConstraintsIrina Moise, Sergiu Nisioi2026
- Rethinking the Idiomaticity Decomposability Hypothesis: Evidence from Distributional LearningMaggie Mi, Golzar Atefi, Atsuki Yamaguchi, et al.2026
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