United States

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This page gathers the research institutions in the United States that appear in the library. An institution is included once its researchers have written more than one of the papers held on the site. The listing covers universities, independent research institutes and companies, so academic departments sit beside corporate laboratories. Institutions are ordered by the cited work their scientists produced at that institution. They are not ordered by size, age or any outside measure. The listing runs over several pages, and the first of them, described here, holds the institutions with the largest body of cited work in our library. The second page, third page and fourth page continue the list. A wider index of all kinds of organizations is also available.

The overview reflects only the papers in this library. An institution's place here shows how its researchers' work is represented on the site. It is not a judgment of that institution's standing in science generally. Many of the institutions named have research far beyond the collection, and the list should be read as a map of where the library's papers were written.

How the list is ordered

The order depends on citations to the work done at each institution. It does not depend on how many papers each one contributed. The two often diverge. Some institutions near the top have a large body of papers on the site. Others reach a high position with a fairly small set of works that are cited heavily. For example, OpenAI and Hugging Face both appear among the early entries even though only a modest number of their papers are held here. Further down, Quansight and the University of South Florida each have only a handful of works on the site, yet those works attract a great deal of citation.

The opposite pattern also appears. Some institutions contribute many papers but sit lower in the order than their volume might suggest, because the citations are spread more thinly across their work. Readers comparing institutions should keep both dimensions in mind. Each entry links to the institution's own page, which shows its works, people and topics in more detail.

Universities

Universities make up the largest part of the list. Stanford University appears near the very top, and Carnegie Mellon University and the University of California, Berkeley follow closely. Carnegie Mellon stands out for the breadth of its contribution: among the institutions on this first page, it has one of the largest sets of papers in the library. Berkeley reaches a high position with a smaller body of work that is very widely cited.

On the West Coast, the University of Washington in Seattle is another major academic contributor. The University of California system appears several times. Besides Berkeley, the list includes the University of California, Los Angeles, the University of California, Irvine, the University of California San Diego and the University of California, Santa Barbara. The University of Southern California adds a second Los Angeles institution.

The Northeast is represented by a dense cluster. New York City is home to New York University and Columbia University. Cambridge, Massachusetts, contributes the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University. Further entries are the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Cornell University in Ithaca, Princeton University, Yale University in New Haven and Brown University in Providence. The University of Massachusetts Amherst and the University of Maryland, College Park complete this regional group on the first page. Johns Hopkins and the University of Pennsylvania each contribute a substantial number of papers.

The Midwest and South appear as well. The University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, the University of Michigan, The Ohio State University, the University of Notre Dame and the University of Chicago represent the central states. In the South and Southeast, the list includes the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Duke University in Durham and the University of Virginia in Charlottesville. The University of Texas at Austin and the University of Colorado Boulder carry the list into the Southwest and the Mountain West. Pittsburgh appears twice, through Carnegie Mellon and the University of Pittsburgh.

Several of these universities show the gap between volume and citation described above. Notre Dame, Chicago and UC San Diego each have a fairly compact set of papers here that is nonetheless widely cited. Ohio State and Maryland, by contrast, contribute more papers whose citations are spread more evenly.

Companies

Companies are unusually prominent on this list. Google, based in Mountain View, is the first entry overall, with a large and heavily cited body of work on the site. Its parent company, Alphabet, appears separately with a small number of papers. Meta in Menlo Park and Microsoft in Redmond also rank among the first entries. Each contributes many papers alongside the top universities.

Other corporate contributors include IBM, listed under Armonk, and AT&T, listed under Bedminster. Seattle-based Amazon, San Francisco's Salesforce and Nvidia of Santa Clara also appear. Several entries are firms whose output on the site is small in volume but high in citation: OpenAI in San Francisco, Hugging Face in New York and Quansight in Austin. The presence of these firms shows that much of the work in this library comes from industrial research groups as well as from academic ones.

Research institutes

Independent and affiliated research institutes form a third group. The Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Seattle is the most prominent of them. It contributes a large body of papers, more than many of the universities listed. The IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center in Yorktown Heights is listed separately from IBM itself, with a smaller and widely cited body of work. The MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory in Cambridge likewise appears alongside its parent university. The International Computer Science Institute in Berkeley contributes a small number of papers.

The names of these institutes point toward computer science and artificial intelligence. Together with the corporate laboratories on the list, they suggest that much of the library's American content concerns computing. A fuller account of fields and topics, however, is best taken from each institution's own page, where its works and topics are listed.

Geography

The institutions on this first page are spread across the country, but several metropolitan areas stand out. The San Francisco Bay Area has the densest concentration. It includes Stanford, Berkeley and the International Computer Science Institute, as well as Google and Alphabet in Mountain View, Meta in Menlo Park, OpenAI and Salesforce in San Francisco, and Nvidia in Santa Clara. Seattle forms a second hub, with the University of Washington, the Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Amazon, and Microsoft nearby in Redmond.

On the East Coast, Cambridge brings together MIT, Harvard and MIT's computer science laboratory. New York City hosts New York University, Columbia University and Hugging Face. Pittsburgh joins Carnegie Mellon and the University of Pittsburgh. Los Angeles has both UCLA and the University of Southern California. Austin is home to The University of Texas at Austin and Quansight. Other contributors are spread more widely, in college towns such as Ithaca, Amherst, Ann Arbor, Urbana, Chapel Hill, Boulder and Notre Dame, and in cities such as Baltimore, Philadelphia, Atlanta, Chicago, Columbus, Tampa and Providence.

Reading the list

Taken together, the first page shows a research landscape in which large companies, independent institutes and universities all contribute heavily to the papers held in this library. No single kind of institution dominates. Corporate laboratories occupy several of the highest positions, while universities supply the greatest number of entries and much of the depth.

Because the order is based on citations to the work done at each institution, it changes as papers are added to the library and as existing papers gather citations. The institutions below those named here continue on the later pages. Each individual entry leads to a fuller profile with that institution's people, works and topics on this site.