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Rhine-Ruhr

AgglomerationGermany · metro population 10,862,819 (the Dortmund functional urban area, GHSL 2015)

 11institutions with a page 93works in our library 23,576citations of their works
Frankfurt am Main — 9 institutionsAachen — 4 institutionsArnhem–Nijmegen — 3 institutionsBielefeld — 1 institutionOsnabrück — 1 institutionEnschede — 1 institutionMünster — 1 institutionTU Dortmund UniversityHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfRuhr University BochumUniversity of BonnFraunhofer Institute for Intelligent Analysis and Information SystemsUniversity of CologneBayerLamarr Institute for Machine Learning and Artificial IntelligenceBonn Aachen International Center for Information TechnologyMax Planck Institute for Security and PrivacyUniversity of Duisburg-EssenTU Dortmund UniversityHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfRuhr University BochumUniversity of BonnFraunhofer Institute for Intelligent Analysis and Information SystemsUniversity of CologneBayerLamarr Institute for Machine Learning and Artificial IntelligenceBonn Aachen International Center for Information TechnologyMax Planck Institute for Security and PrivacyUniversity of Duisburg-Essen

 Institutions (11)

6 universities, 4 labs and research institutes, 1 company.

🎓 Universities (6)

  1. TU Dortmund UniversityUniversity · Dortmund, Germany7 works · 9,785 citations
  2. Heinrich Heine University DüsseldorfUniversity · Düsseldorf, Germany33 works · 1,487 citations
  3. Ruhr University BochumUniversity · Bochum, Germany25 works · 1,189 citations
  4. University of BonnUniversity · Bonn, Germany10 works · 5,751 citations
  5. University of CologneUniversity · Cologne, Germany9 works · 407 citations
  6. University of Duisburg-EssenUniversity · Essen, Germany3 works · 48 citations

🔬 Labs and research institutes (4)

  1. Fraunhofer Institute for Intelligent Analysis and Information SystemsResearch institute · Sankt Augustin, Germany9 works · 3,875 citations
  2. Lamarr Institute for Machine Learning and Artificial IntelligenceResearch institute · Sankt Augustin, Germany6 works · 121 citations
  3. Bonn Aachen International Center for Information TechnologyResearch institute · Bonn, Germany2 works · 13 citations
  4. Max Planck Institute for Security and PrivacyResearch institute · Bochum, Germany3 works · 499 citations

🏢 Companies (1)

  1. BayerCompany · Leverkusen, Germany3 works · 401 citations

 Works in our library (93)

Works of its institutions, the most cited first.

  1. Text Categorization with Support Vector Machines: Learning with Many Relevant FeaturesLecture notes in computer scienceThorsten Joachims1998 · 8,315 citations
  2. DBpedia – A Large-scale, Multilingual Knowledge Base Extracted from WikipediaSemantic WebJens Lehmann, Robert Isele, Max Jakob, et al.2015 · 3,577 citations
  3. Knowledge GraphsACM Computing SurveysAidan Hogan, Eva Blomqvist, Michael Cochez, et al.2020 · 2,014 citations
  4. Fast Graph Representation Learning with PyTorch GeometricarXiv:1903.02428Matthias Fey, Jan Eric Lenssen2019 · 1,440 citations
  5. Unsupervised Multilingual Sentence Boundary DetectionTibor Kiss, Jan Strunk2006 · 523 citations
  6. Datasets: A Community Library for Natural Language ProcessingarXiv:2109.02846Quentin Lhoest, Albert Villanova del Moral, Yacine Jernite, et al.2021 · 368 citations
  7. Findings of the VarDial Evaluation Campaign 2017Workshop on NLP for Similar Languages, Varieties and Dialects (VarDial)Marcos Zampieri, Shervin Malmasi, Nikola Ljubešić, et al.2017 · 261 citations
  8. Humanity's Last ExamNatureLong Phan, Alice Gatti, Ziwen Han, et al.2025 · 256 citations
  9. Overview of the SPMRL 2013 Shared Task: A Cross-Framework Evaluation of Parsing Morphologically Rich LanguagesWorkshop on Statistical Parsing of Morphologically-Rich LanguagesDjamé Seddah, Reut Tsarfaty, Sandra Kübler, et al.2013 · 245 citations
  10. Factuality Challenges in the Era of Large Language ModelsNature Machine IntelligenceIsabelle Augenstein, Timothy Baldwin, Meeyoung Cha, et al.2023 · 243 citations
  11. SemEval-2018 Task 7: Semantic Relation Extraction and Classification in Scientific PapersInternational Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval)Kata Gábor, Davide Buscaldi, Anne-Kathrin Schumann, et al.2018 · 216 citations
  12. The PARSEME Shared Task on Automatic Identification of Verbal Multiword ExpressionsWorkshop on Multiword Expressions (MWE)Agata Savary, Carlos Ramisch, Silvio Cordeiro, et al.2017 · 205 citations
  13. Is Reinforcement Learning (Not) for Natural Language Processing: Benchmarks, Baselines, and Building Blocks for Natural Language Policy OptimizationarXiv:2210.01241Rajkumar Ramamurthy, Prithviraj Ammanabrolu, Kiante Brantley, et al.2022 · 174 citations
  14. A Retrospective Analysis of the Fake News Challenge Stance-Detection TaskInternational Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING)Andreas Hanselowski, Avinesh PVS, Benjamin Schiller, et al.2018 · 134 citations
  15. Raising and resolving issues with scalar modifiersElizabeth Coppock, Thomas Brochhagen2013 · 133 citations
  16. Edition 1.1 of the PARSEME Shared Task on Automatic Identification of Verbal Multiword ExpressionsInternational Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING)Carlos Ramisch, Silvio Ricardo Cordeiro, Agata Savary, et al.2018 · 124 citations
  17. Tokenizer Choice For LLM Training: Negligible or Crucial?Findings of the Association for Computational LinguisticsMehdi Ali, Michael Fromm, Klaudia Thellmann, et al.2024 · 104 citations
  18. Annotation of Information Structure: an Evaluation across different Types of TextsLanguage Resources and Evaluation Conference (LREC)Julia Ritz, Stefanie Dipper, Michael Götze2008 · 86 citations
  19. Data-Driven Parsing using Probabilistic Linear Context-Free Rewriting SystemsComputational LinguisticsLaura Kallmeyer, Wolfgang Maier2013 · 83 citations
  20. Anaphora Resolution with the ARRAU CorpusWorkshop on Computational Models of Reference, Anaphora and Coreference (CRAC)Massimo Poesio, Yulia Grishina, Varada Kolhatkar, et al.2018 · 81 citations
  21. A Neural Architecture for Dialectal Arabic SegmentationYounes Samih, Mohammed Attia, Mohamed Eldesouki, et al.2017 · 71 citations
  22. PLCFRS Parsing of English Discontinuous ConstituentsInternational Conference on Parsing Technologies and the IWPT Shared Task on Parsing into Enhanced Universal DependenciesKilian Evang, Laura Kallmeyer2011 · 69 citations
  23. Multi-Dialect Arabic POS Tagging: A CRF ApproachLanguage Resources and Evaluation Conference (LREC)Kareem Darwish, Hamdy Mubarak, Ahmed Abdelali, et al.2018 · 57 citations
  24. Arabic Dialect Identification Using iVectors and ASR TranscriptsWorkshop on NLP for Similar Languages, Varieties and Dialects (VarDial)Shervin Malmasi, Marcos Zampieri2017 · 53 citations
  25. Improved Spelling Error Detection and Correction for ArabicInternational Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING)Mohammed Attia, Pavel Pecina, Younes Samih, et al.2012 · 51 citations

See all 93 works in Rhine-Ruhr →

 Works by year

2020s

202627 papers20257 papers20243 papers20235 papers20224 papers20215 papers20203 papers

2010s

20193 papers20187 papers20177 papers20164 papers20151 paper20141 paper20134 papers20126 papers20112 papers

2000s

20081 paper20061 paper20041 paper

1990s

19981 paper

 Fields, topics and concepts

Of its works in our library, with the number of works on each.

📚 Shelves 27The field of science this work belongs to (OpenAlex fields).Computer Science · 84 worksArtificial Intelligence · 84 worksArts and Humanities · 85 worksLanguage and Linguistics · 85 worksComputer Vision and Pattern Recognition · 8 worksInformation Systems · 3 worksSocial Sciences · 7 worksComputational Theory and Mathematics · 3 worksSociology and Political Science · 6 worksLiterature and Literary Theory · 9 worksBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology · 5 worksMolecular Biology · 5 worksPhilosophy · 6 worksMathematics · 1 workPsychology · 10 works+12 more

🧭 Topics 36Research subjects and languages the work is about.Knowledge graphs & ontologies · 6 worksEnglish · 27 worksSemitic languages · 15 worksMultilingual & cross-lingual NLP · 4 worksEvaluation & benchmarks · 6 worksLanguage models & pretraining · 16 worksIdioms & multiword expressions · 4 worksSentiment & emotion · 6 worksCoreference resolution · 5 worksInformation extraction · 1 workTokenization & segmentation · 2 worksSyntax & grammar formalisms · 3 worksMachine translation · 1 workPart-of-speech tagging · 2 worksMorphology · 4 works+21 more

💡 Concepts 10Key ideas and methods explained on our concept pages.Natural language processing · 3 worksKnowledge graph · 2 worksMachine learning · 1 workText classification · 1 workTF-IDF · 1 workKnowledge representation and reasoning · 1 workSubword tokenization · 1 workTokenization · 1 workOntology engineering · 1 workCognitive linguistics · 1 work

Agglomerations: the GHSL Urban Centre Database 2025; populations: the GHSL functional urban areas 2015 (urban centre and commuting zone), else the urban centre, as each page says (European Commission, Joint Research Centre, CC BY 4.0). An institution belongs to the urban centre its coordinates (ROR, OpenAlex) fall in, or one within 5 km. Land: Natural Earth.

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