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🔍 Information retrieval & search

109 papers · page 2 of 2 · 26–109 · the most cited first · all topics

Finding the right documents: search engines, ranking, and retrieval for language models.

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  1. Representation Learning Using Multi-Task Deep Neural Networks for Semantic Classification and Information RetrievalXiaodong Liu, Jianfeng Gao, Xiaodong He, et al.2015 · 463 citations
  2. Benchmarking Retrieval-Augmented Generation for MedicineGuangzhi Xiong, Qiao Jin, Zhiyong Lu, et al.2024 · 426 citations
  3. Efficiently Teaching an Effective Dense Retriever with Balanced Topic Aware SamplingSebastian Hofstatter, Sheng-Chieh Lin, Jheng-Hong Yang, et al.2021 · 425 citations
  4. Improving the Domain Adaptation of Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) Models for Open Domain Question AnsweringShamane Siriwardhana, Rivindu Weerasekera, Elliott Wen, et al.2023 · 403 citations
  5. Query Rewriting in Retrieval-Augmented Large Language ModelsXinbei Ma, Yeyun Gong, Pengcheng He, et al.2023 · 383 citations
  6. Retrieval Augmentation Reduces Hallucination in ConversationKurt Shuster, Spencer Poff, Moya Chen, et al.2021 · 382 citations
  7. Adaptive-RAG: Learning to Adapt Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Models through Question ComplexitySoyeong Jeong, Jinheon Baek, Sukmin Cho, et al.2024 · 381 citations
  8. Enhancing Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Models with Iterative Retrieval-Generation SynergyZhihong Shao, Yeyun Gong, Yelong Shen, et al.2023 · 381 citations
  9. Query2doc: Query Expansion with Large Language ModelsLiang Wang, Nan Yang, Furu Wei2023 · 353 citations
  10. Large Language Models for Information Retrieval: A SurveyYutao Zhu; Huaying Yuan; Shuting Wang; Jiongnan Liu; Wenhan Liu; Chenlong Deng; Haonan Chen; Zheng Liu; Zhicheng Dou;, Ji-Rong Wen2023 · 335 citations
  11. Unsupervised Corpus Aware Language Model Pre-training for Dense Passage RetrievalLuyu Gao, Jamie Callan2022 · 328 citations
  12. Document Expansion by Query PredictionRodrigo Nogueira, Wei Yang, Jimmy Lin, et al.2019 · 317 citations
  13. LightRAG: Simple and Fast Retrieval-Augmented GenerationZirui Guo, Lianghao Xia, Yanhua Yu, et al.2024 · 315 citations
  14. Qwen3 Embedding: Advancing Text Embedding and Reranking Through Foundation ModelsYanzhao Zhang, Mingxin Li, Dingkun Long, et al.2025 · 313 citations
  15. Paraphrasing evades detectors of AI-generated text, but retrieval is an effective defenseKalpesh Krishna, Yixiao Song, Marzena Karpinska, et al.2023 · 304 citations
  16. Learning Dense Representations for Entity RetrievalDaniel Gillick, Sayali Kulkarni, Larry Lansing, et al.2019 · 304 citations
  17. Search-R1: Training LLMs to Reason and Leverage Search Engines with Reinforcement LearningBowen Jin, Hansi Zeng, Zhenrui Yue, et al.2025 · 303 citations
  18. Evaluating Verifiability in Generative Search EnginesNelson Liu, Tianyi Zhang, Percy Liang2023 · 294 citations
  19. Ragas: Automated Evaluation of Retrieval Augmented GenerationShahul Es, Jithin James, Luis Espinosa-Anke, et al.2023 · 280 citations
  20. Generate rather than Retrieve: Large Language Models are Strong Context GeneratorsWenhao Yu, Dan Iter, Shuohang Wang, et al.2022 · 280 citations
  21. Large Dual Encoders Are Generalizable RetrieversJianmo Ni, Chen Qu, Jing Lu, et al.2021 · 276 citations
  22. Corrective Retrieval Augmented GenerationShi-Qi Yan, Jia-Chen Gu, Yun Zhu, et al.2024 · 271 citations
  23. Learning to Retrieve Reasoning Paths over Wikipedia Graph for Question AnsweringAkari Asai, Kazuma Hashimoto, Hannaneh Hajishirzi, et al.2019 · 271 citations
  24. BEIR: A Heterogenous Benchmark for Zero-shot Evaluation of Information Retrieval ModelsNandan Thakur, Nils Reimers, Andreas Rücklé, et al.2021 · 262 citations
  25. Condenser: a Pre-training Architecture for Dense RetrievalLuyu Gao, Jamie Callan2021 · 261 citations
  26. RocketQAv2: A Joint Training Method for Dense Passage Retrieval and Passage Re-rankingRuiyang Ren, Yingqi Qu, Jing Liu, et al.2021 · 256 citations
  27. Fine-Tuning LLaMA for Multi-Stage Text RetrievalXueguang Ma, Liang Wang, Nan Yang, et al.2023 · 254 citations
  28. LeanDojo: Theorem Proving with Retrieval-Augmented Language ModelsKaiyu Yang, Aidan M. Swope, Alex Gu, et al.2023 · 248 citations
  29. mGTE: Generalized Long-Context Text Representation and Reranking Models for Multilingual Text RetrievalXin Zhang, Yanzhao Zhang, Dingkun Long, et al.2024 · 236 citations
  30. G-Retriever: Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Textual Graph Understanding and Question AnsweringXiaoxin He, Yijun Tian, Yifei Sun, et al.2024 · 234 citations
  31. Adaptation of the translation model for statistical machine translation based on information retrievalAlmut Silja Hildebrand, Matthias Eck, Stephan Vogel, et al.2005 · 230 citations
  32. Hurdles to Progress in Long-form Question AnsweringKalpesh Krishna, Aurko Roy, Mohit Iyyer2021 · 227 citations
  33. Stochastic Language Generation in Dialogue using Recurrent Neural Networks with Convolutional Sentence RerankingTsung-Hsien Wen, Milica Gašić, Dongho Kim, et al.2015 · 212 citations
  34. Demonstrate-Search-Predict: Composing retrieval and language models for knowledge-intensive NLPOmar Khattab, Keshav Santhanam, Xiang Lisa Li, et al.2022 · 211 citations
  35. XOR QA: Cross-lingual Open-Retrieval Question AnsweringAkari Asai, Jungo Kasai, Jonathan Clark, et al.2021 · 206 citations
  36. RAGTruth: A Hallucination Corpus for Developing Trustworthy Retrieval-Augmented Language ModelsCheng Niu, Yuanhao Wu, Juno Zhu, et al.2024 · 204 citations
  37. Co-occurrence Retrieval: A Flexible Framework for Lexical Distributional SimilarityJulie Weeds, David Weir2005 · 198 citations
  38. Improving Passage Retrieval with Zero-Shot Question GenerationDevendra Sachan, Mike Lewis, Mandar Joshi, et al.2022 · 197 citations
  39. Retrieval of the Best Counterargument without Prior Topic KnowledgeHenning Wachsmuth, Shahbaz Syed, Benno Stein2018 · 196 citations
  40. Making Retrieval-Augmented Language Models Robust to Irrelevant ContextOri Yoran, Tomer Wolfson, Ori Ram, et al.2023 · 193 citations
  41. RAPTOR: Recursive Abstractive Processing for Tree-Organized RetrievalParth Sarthi, Salman Abdullah, Aditi Tuli, et al.2024 · 191 citations
  42. Clustering and Diversifying Web Search Results with Graph-Based Word Sense InductionAntonio Di Marco, Roberto Navigli2013 · 184 citations
  43. Re2G: Retrieve, Rerank, GenerateMichael Glass, Gaetano Rossiello, Md Faisal Mahbub Chowdhury, et al.2022 · 183 citations
  44. Survey on Factuality in Large Language Models: Knowledge, Retrieval and Domain-SpecificityCunxiang Wang, Xiaoze Liu, Yuanhao Yue, et al.2023 · 169 citations
  45. Simple Entity-Centric Questions Challenge Dense RetrieversChristopher Sciavolino, Zexuan Zhong, Jinhyuk Lee, et al.2021 · 168 citations
  46. Promptagator: Few-shot Dense Retrieval From 8 ExamplesZhuyun Dai, Vincent Y. Zhao, Ji Ma, et al.2022 · 167 citations
  47. GPL: Generative Pseudo Labeling for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation of Dense RetrievalKexin Wang, Nandan Thakur, Nils Reimers, et al.2022 · 155 citations
  48. CBR-RAG: Case-Based Reasoning for Retrieval Augmented Generation in LLMs for Legal Question AnsweringNirmalie Wiratunga, Ramitha Abeyratne, Lasal Jayawardena, et al.2024 · 154 citations
  49. Generation-Augmented Retrieval for Open-domain Question AnsweringYuning Mao, Pengcheng He, Xiaodong Liu, et al.2020 · 150 citations
  50. Chain-of-Note: Enhancing Robustness in Retrieval-Augmented Language ModelsWenhao Yu, Hongming Zhang, Xiaoman Pan, et al.2024 · 149 citations
  51. MIRACL: A Multilingual Retrieval Dataset Covering 18 Diverse LanguagesXinyu Zhang, Nandan Thakur, Odunayo Ogundepo, et al.2023 · 148 citations
  52. RA-DIT: Retrieval-Augmented Dual Instruction TuningXi Victoria Lin, Xilun Chen, Mingda Chen, et al.2023 · 145 citations
  53. Unified Demonstration Retriever for In-Context LearningXiaonan Li, Kai Lv, Hang Yan, et al.2023 · 144 citations
  54. Task-aware Retrieval with InstructionsAkari Asai, Timo Schick, Patrick Lewis, et al.2023 · 131 citations
  55. FreshLLMs: Refreshing Large Language Models with Search Engine AugmentationTu Vu, Mohit Iyyer, Xuezhi Wang, et al.2023 · 130 citations
  56. Retrieval meets Long Context Large Language ModelsPeng Xu, Wei Ping, Xianchao Wu, et al.2023 · 129 citations
  57. RECOMP: Improving Retrieval-Augmented LMs with Compression and Selective AugmentationFangyuan Xu, Weijia Shi, Eunsol Choi2023 · 114 citations
  58. DuoAttention: Efficient Long-Context LLM Inference with Retrieval and Streaming HeadsGuangxuan Xiao, Jiaming Tang, Jingwei Zuo, et al.2024 · 109 citations
  59. MultiHop-RAG: Benchmarking Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Multi-Hop QueriesYixuan Tang, Yi Yang2024 · 103 citations
  60. ArabicaQA: A Comprehensive Dataset for Arabic Question AnsweringAbdelrahman Abdallah, Mahmoud Kasem, Mahmoud Abdalla, et al.2024 · 47 citations
  61. Bridging the Preference Gap between Retrievers and LLMsZixuan Ke, Weize Kong, Cheng Li, et al.2024 · 45 citations
  62. OG-RAG: Ontology-grounded retrieval-augmented generation for large language modelsKartik Sharma, Peeyush Kumar, Yunqing Li2025 · 37 citations
  63. Using Coreference for Question AnsweringThomas S. Morton1999 · 35 citations
  64. An Accurate Arabic Root-Based Lemmatizer for Information Retrieval PurposesTarek El-Shishtawy, Fatma El-Ghannam2012 · 30 citations
  65. BIDER: Bridging Knowledge Inconsistency for Efficient Retrieval-Augmented LLMs via Key Supporting EvidenceJiajie Jin, Yutao Zhu, Yujia Zhou, et al.2024 · 28 citations
  66. Exploring Retrieval Augmented Generation in ArabicSamhaa R. El-Beltagy, Mohamed A. Abdallah2024 · 22 citations
  67. STANDER: An Expert-Annotated Dataset for News Stance Detection and Evidence RetrievalCostanza Conforti, Jakob Berndt, Mohammad Taher Pilehvar, et al.2020 · 22 citations
  68. Crossing the Threshold: Idiomatic Machine Translation through Retrieval Augmentation and Loss WeightingEmmy Liu, Aditi Chaudhary, Graham Neubig2023 · 17 citations
  69. Bridging Cultures in the Kitchen: A Framework and Benchmark for Cross-Cultural Recipe RetrievalTianyi Hu, Maria Maistro, Daniel Hershcovich2024 · 16 citations
  70. Optimized Quran Passage Retrieval Using an Expanded QA Dataset and Fine-Tuned Language ModelsMohamed Basem; Islam Oshallah; Baraa Hikal; Ali Hamdi;, Ammar Mohamed2024 · 8 citations
  71. An Accuracy-Enhanced Stemming Algorithm for Arabic Information RetrievalSadik Bessou, Mohamed Touahria2019 · 5 citations
  72. A Morphological, Syntactic and Semantic Search Engine for Hebrew TextsUzzi Ornan2002 · 3 citations
  73. Enhanced Arabic Text Retrieval with Attentive Relevance ScoringSalah Eddine Bekhouche, Azeddine Benlamoudi, Yazid Bounab, et al.2025 · 2 citations
  74. Gretino: A Greek and Latin Dataset to Benchmark Retrieval Systems in Classical LanguagesHawau Olamide Toyin, Federico Iezzi, Elia Scapini, et al.2026 · 1 citation
  75. Dense Retrieval for Low Resource Languages -- the Case of Amharic LanguageTilahun Yeshambel, Moncef Garouani, Serge Molina, et al.2025 · 1 citation
  76. AccurateRAG: A Framework for Building Accurate Retrieval-Augmented Question-Answering ApplicationsLinh The Nguyen, Chi Tran, Dung Ngoc Nguyen, et al.2026
  77. Bounded Conversational Memory with Hybrid Retrieval and Evidence Highlighting for Multi-Session Dialogue SystemsManasa Mudunuri, Chandra Kiran Guntupalli, Shiraj Pokharel, et al.2026
  78. Evaluating the Retrieval Component in a Retrieval-Augmented Summarization System for Patient Records in FrenchMarco Naguib, Christel Gérardin, Victor Beaucoté, et al.2026
  79. Grounding Arabic LLMs in the Doha Historical Dictionary: Retrieval-Augmented Understanding of Quran and HadithSomaya Eltanbouly, Samer Rashwani2026
  80. RBR: RAG-Based Open-Domain Question Answering Using a Ranking Approach to Document RetrievalPriyatam Sai Naravajhula, Vincent Ng2026
  81. Rethinking Evaluation in Retrieval-Augmented Personalized Dialogue: A Cognitive and Linguistic PerspectiveTianyi Zhang, David Traum2026
  82. SearchLLM: Detecting LLM Paraphrased Text by Measuring the Similarity with Regeneration of the Candidate Source via Search EngineHoang-Quoc Nguyen-Son, Minh-Son Dao, Koji Zettsu2026
  83. Terminology-Aware Retrieval-Augmented Knowledge Distillation for Biomedical Neural Machine TranslationMaria Zafar, Souhail Bakkali, Rejwanul Haque2026
  84. 检索增强生成在软件工程中的应用综述 (Survey on Application of Retrieval-augmented Generation in Software Engineering)Quanjun Zhang (张犬俊), Yang Xie (谢杨), Chunrong Fang (房春荣), et al.2025

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