🗣️ Language and Linguistics

7,340 papers · page 2 of 75 · 26–125 · the most cited first · all shelves

Language and Linguistics is a subfield of Arts and Humanities in the OpenAlex classification of science. The topics most of its papers here are on: «Natural Language Processing Techniques», «Topic Modeling», «Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation».

📄 Papers

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26. ROUGE: A Package for Automatic Evaluation of SummariesChin-Yew Lin2004 · 5,641 citations
27. METEOR: An Automatic Metric for MT Evaluation with Improved Correlation with Human JudgmentsSatanjeev Banerjee, Alon Lavie2005 · 5,483 citations
28. Hierarchical Attention Networks for Document ClassificationZichao Yang, Diyi Yang, Chris Dyer, et al.2016 · 5,409 citations
29. Pre-train, Prompt, and Predict: A Systematic Survey of Prompting Methods in Natural Language ProcessingPengfei Liu, Weizhe Yuan, Jinlan Fu, et al.2021 · 5,375 citations
30. Dense Passage Retrieval for Open-Domain Question AnsweringVladimir Karpukhin, Barlas Oguz, Sewon Min, et al.2020 · 5,370 citations
31. WaveNet: A Generative Model for Raw AudioAaron van den Oord, Sander Dieleman, Heiga Zen, et al.2016 · 5,167 citations
32. Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-NetworksNils Reimers, Iryna Gurevych2019 · 4,838 citations
33. Character-level Convolutional Networks for Text ClassificationXiang Zhang, Junbo Zhao, Yann LeCun2015 · 4,753 citations
34. DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement LearningDeepSeek-AI, Daya Guo, Dejian Yang, et al.2025 · 4,593 citations
35. Rhetorical Structure Theory: Toward a functional theory of text organizationWilliam C. Mann, Sandra A. Thompson1988 · 4,547 citations
36. Large Language Models Encode Clinical KnowledgeKaran Singhal, Shekoofeh Azizi, Tao Tu, et al.2022 · 4,464 citations
37. SentencePiece: A simple and language independent subword tokenizer and detokenizer for Neural Text ProcessingTaku Kudo, John Richardson2018 · 4,461 citations
38. Word Association Norms, Mutual Information, and LexicographyKenneth Ward Church, Patrick Hanks1990 · 4,363 citations
39. Learning Word Vectors for Sentiment AnalysisAndrew L. Maas, Raymond E. Daly, Peter T. Pham, et al.2011 · 4,272 citations
40. The Cambridge Grammar of the English LanguageRodney Huddleston, Geoffrey K. Pullum2002 · 4,249 citations
41. A Call for Clarity in Reporting BLEU ScoresMatt Post2018 · 4,130 citations
42. Energy and Policy Considerations for Deep Learning in NLPEmma Strubell, Ananya Ganesh, Andrew McCallum2019 · 4,049 citations
43. Natural Questions: A Benchmark for Question Answering ResearchTom Kwiatkowski, Jennimaria Palomaki, Olivia Redfield, et al.2019 · 4,031 citations
44. Recognizing Contextual Polarity in Phrase-Level Sentiment AnalysisTheresa Wilson, Janyce Wiebe, Paul Hoffmann2005 · 3,979 citations
45. Accurate Unlexicalized ParsingDan Klein, Christopher D. Manning2003 · 3,942 citations
46. fairseq: A Fast, Extensible Toolkit for Sequence ModelingMyle Ott, Sergey Edunov, Alexei Baevski, et al.2019 · 3,941 citations
47. SimCSE: Simple Contrastive Learning of Sentence EmbeddingsTianyu Gao, Xingcheng Yao, Danqi Chen2021 · 3,921 citations
48. A Sentimental Education: Sentiment Analysis Using Subjectivity Summarization Based on Minimum CutsBo Pang, Lillian Lee2004 · 3,842 citations
49. A Study of Translation Edit Rate with Targeted Human AnnotationMatthew Snover, Bonnie Dorr, Rich Schwartz, et al.2006 · 3,824 citations
50. Teaching Machines to Read and ComprehendKarl Moritz Hermann, Tomáš Kočiský, Edward Grefenstette, et al.2015 · 3,806 citations
51. SpecAugment: A Simple Data Augmentation Method for Automatic Speech RecognitionDaniel S. Park, William Chan, Yu Zhang, et al.2019 · 3,802 citations
52. Bidirectional LSTM-CRF Models for Sequence TaggingZhiheng Huang, Wei Xu, Kai Yu2015 · 3,802 citations
53. Large language models are zero-shot reasonersTakeshi Kojima, Shixiang Shane Gu, Machel Reid, et al.2022 · 3,780 citations
54. XLNet: Generalized Autoregressive Pretraining for Language UnderstandingZhilin Yang, Zihang Dai, Yiming Yang, et al.2019 · 3,740 citations
55. Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word ProblemsKarl Cobbe, Vineet Kosaraju, Mohammad Bavarian, et al.2021 · 3,675 citations
56. A Survey on Evaluation of Large Language ModelsYupeng Chang, Xu Wang, Jindong Wang, et al.2023 · 3,640 citations
57. A Maximum Entropy Approach to Natural Language ProcessingAdam L. Berger, Stephen A. Della Pietra, Vincent J. Della Pietra1996 · 3,633 citations
58. Incorporating Non-local Information into Information Extraction Systems by Gibbs SamplingJenny Rose Finkel, Trond Grenager, Christopher Manning2005 · 3,618 citations
59. Categorical Reparameterization with Gumbel-SoftmaxEric Jang, Shixiang Gu, Ben Poole2016 · 3,571 citations
60. Feature-Rich Part-of-Speech Tagging with a Cyclic Dependency NetworkKristina Toutanova, Dan Klein, Christopher D. Manning, et al.2003 · 3,559 citations
61. Lexicon-Based Methods for Sentiment AnalysisMaite Taboada, Julian Brooke, Milan Tofiloski, et al.2011 · 3,556 citations
62. SciBERT: A Pretrained Language Model for Scientific TextIz Beltagy, Kyle Lo, Arman Cohan2019 · 3,548 citations
63. The Berkeley FrameNet ProjectCollin F. Baker, Charles J. Fillmore, John B. Lowe1998 · 3,544 citations
64. Measuring Massive Multitask Language UnderstandingDan Hendrycks, Collin Burns, Steven Basart, et al.2020 · 3,489 citations
65. HotpotQA: A Dataset for Diverse, Explainable Multi-hop Question AnsweringZhilin Yang, Peng Qi, Saizheng Zhang, et al.2018 · 3,489 citations
66. Linguistic Regularities in Continuous Space Word RepresentationsTomas Mikolov, Wen-tau Yih, Geoffrey Zweig2013 · 3,482 citations
67. HuBERT: Self-Supervised Speech Representation Learning by Masked Prediction of Hidden UnitsWei-Ning Hsu, Benjamin Bolte, Yao-Hung Hubert Tsai, et al.2021 · 3,441 citations
68. Conformer: Convolution-augmented Transformer for Speech RecognitionAnmol Gulati, James Qin, Chung-Cheng Chiu, et al.2020 · 3,433 citations
69. Using Information Content to Evaluate Semantic Similarity in a TaxonomyPhilip Resnik1995 · 3,419 citations
70. Know What You Don't Know: Unanswerable Questions for SQuADPranav Rajpurkar, Robin Jia, Percy Liang2018 · 3,360 citations
71. Qwen3 Technical ReportAn Yang, Anfeng Li, Baosong Yang, et al.2025 · 3,276 citations
72. Verb Semantics and Lexical SelectionZhibiao Wu, Martha Palmer1994 · 3,276 citations
73. A Survey on Hallucination in Large Language Models: Principles, Taxonomy, Challenges, and Open QuestionsLei Huang, Weijiang Yu, Weitao Ma, et al.2023 · 3,221 citations
74. The Proposition Bank: An Annotated Corpus of Semantic RolesMartha Palmer, Daniel Gildea, Paul Kingsbury2005 · 3,208 citations
75. TriviaQA: A Large Scale Distantly Supervised Challenge Dataset for Reading ComprehensionMandar Joshi, Eunsol Choi, Daniel Weld, et al.2017 · 3,204 citations
76. SentiWordNet 3.0: An Enhanced Lexical Resource for Sentiment Analysis and Opinion MiningStefano Baccianella, Andrea Esuli, Fabrizio Sebastiani2010 · 3,068 citations
77. Accurate Methods for the Statistics of Surprise and CoincidenceTed Dunning1993 · 3,060 citations
78. On the Opportunities and Risks of Foundation ModelsRishi Bommasani, Drew A. Hudson, Ehsan Adeli, et al.2021 · 3,044 citations
79. Self-Consistency Improves Chain of Thought Reasoning in Language ModelsXuezhi Wang, Jason Wei, Dale Schuurmans, et al.2022 · 3,035 citations
80. Aligning Books and Movies: Towards Story-like Visual Explanations by Watching Movies and Reading BooksYukun Zhu, Ryan Kiros, Richard Zemel, et al.2015 · 3,030 citations
81. Building a Large Annotated Corpus of English: The Penn TreebankMitchell P. Marcus, Beatrice Santorini, Mary Ann Marcinkiewicz1993 · 3,006 citations
82. Convolutional Sequence to Sequence LearningJonas Gehring, Michael Auli, David Grangier, et al.2017 · 2,983 citations
83. Language Models as Knowledge Bases?Fabio Petroni, Tim Rocktäschel, Sebastian Riedel, et al.2019 · 2,977 citations
84. CodeBERT: A Pre-Trained Model for Programming and Natural LanguagesZhangyin Feng, Daya Guo, Duyu Tang, et al.2020 · 2,954 citations
85. Gemini: A Family of Highly Capable Multimodal ModelsGemini Team, Rohan Anil, Sebastian Borgeaud, et al.2023 · 2,951 citations
86. A Diversity-Promoting Objective Function for Neural Conversation ModelsJiwei Li, Michel Galley, Chris Brockett, et al.2016 · 2,925 citations
87. Attention, Intentions, and the Structure of DiscourseBarbara J. Grosz, Candace L. Sidner1986 · 2,923 citations
88. Generating Typed Dependency Parses from Phrase Structure ParsesMarie-Catherine de Marneffe, Bill MacCartney, Christopher D. Manning2006 · 2,886 citations
89. A Survey of Large Language ModelsWayne Xin Zhao, Kun Zhou, Junyi Li, et al.2023 · 2,847 citations
90. Unsupervised Word Sense Disambiguation Rivaling Supervised MethodsDavid Yarowsky1995 · 2,840 citations
91. Thumbs Up or Thumbs Down? Semantic Orientation Applied to Unsupervised Classification of ReviewsPeter Turney2002 · 2,826 citations
92. Self-Attention with Relative Position RepresentationsPeter Shaw, Jakob Uszkoreit, Ashish Vaswani2018 · 2,811 citations
93. RCV1: A New Benchmark Collection for Text Categorization ResearchDavid D. Lewis, Yiming Yang, Tony G. Rose, et al.2004 · 2,742 citations
94. Seeing Stars: Exploiting Class Relationships for Sentiment Categorization with Respect to Rating ScalesBo Pang, Lillian Lee2005 · 2,722 citations
95. SENTIWORDNET: A Publicly Available Lexical Resource for Opinion MiningAndrea Esuli, Fabrizio Sebastiani2006 · 2,719 citations
96. LXMERT: Learning Cross-Modality Encoder Representations from TransformersHao Tan, Mohit Bansal2019 · 2,714 citations
97. Domain-Specific Language Model Pretraining for Biomedical Natural Language ProcessingYu Gu; Robert Tinn; Hao Cheng; Michael Lucas; Naoto Usuyama; Xiaodong Liu; Tristan Naumann; Jianfeng Gao;, Hoifung Poon2020 · 2,636 citations
98. Attention-based LSTM for Aspect-level Sentiment ClassificationYequan Wang, Minlie Huang, Xiaoyan Zhu, et al.2016 · 2,609 citations
99. SpanBERT: Improving Pre-training by Representing and Predicting SpansMandar Joshi, Danqi Chen, Yinhan Liu, et al.2019 · 2,580 citations
100. Lost in the Middle: How Language Models Use Long ContextsNelson F. Liu, Kevin Lin, John Hewitt, et al.2023 · 2,540 citations
101. Discriminative Training Methods for Hidden Markov Models: Theory and Experiments with Perceptron AlgorithmsMichael Collins2002 · 2,510 citations
102. Dynamic Topic ModelsDavid M. Blei, John D. Lafferty2006 · 2,508 citations
103. Robust Speech Recognition via Large-Scale Weak SupervisionAlec Radford, Jong Wook Kim, Tao Xu, et al.2022 · 2,497 citations
104. Visual Instruction TuningHaotian Liu, Chunyuan Li, Qingyang Wu, et al.2023 · 2,487 citations
105. Assessing Agreement on Classification Tasks: The Kappa StatisticJean Carletta1996 · 2,462 citations
106. OpenNMT: Open-Source Toolkit for Neural Machine TranslationGuillaume Klein, Yoon Kim, Yuntian Deng, et al.2017 · 2,460 citations
107. Statistical Significance Tests for Machine Translation EvaluationPhilipp Koehn2004 · 2,444 citations
108. Word Representations: A Simple and General Method for Semi-Supervised LearningJoseph Turian, Lev-Arie Ratinov, Yoshua Bengio2010 · 2,421 citations
109. SemEval-2014 Task 4: Aspect Based Sentiment AnalysisMaria Pontiki, Dimitris Galanis, John Pavlopoulos, et al.2014 · 2,405 citations
110. Meteor Universal: Language Specific Translation Evaluation for Any Target LanguageMichael Denkowski, Alon Lavie2014 · 2,392 citations
111. Sparks of Artificial General Intelligence: Early experiments with GPT-4Sébastien Bubeck, Varun Chandrasekaran, Ronen Eldan, et al.2023 · 2,389 citations
112. Recurrent Neural Network RegularizationWojciech Zaremba, Ilya Sutskever, Oriol Vinyals2014 · 2,379 citations
113. Exploring the Space of Topic Coherence MeasuresMichael Röder, Andreas Both, Alexander Hinneburg2015 · 2,368 citations
114. Generating Sentences from a Continuous SpaceSamuel R. Bowman, Luke Vilnis, Oriol Vinyals, et al.2016 · 2,367 citations
115. Self-critical Sequence Training for Image CaptioningSteven J. Rennie, Etienne Marcheret, Youssef Mroueh, et al.2016 · 2,367 citations
116. Stanza: A Python Natural Language Processing Toolkit for Many Human LanguagesPeng Qi, Yuhao Zhang, Yuhui Zhang, et al.2020 · 2,347 citations
117. Biographies, Bollywood, Boom-boxes and Blenders: Domain Adaptation for Sentiment ClassificationJohn Blitzer, Mark Dredze, Fernando Pereira2007 · 2,329 citations
118. Measuring Mathematical Problem Solving With the MATH DatasetDan Hendrycks, Collin Burns, Saurav Kadavath, et al.2021 · 2,318 citations
119. Deep Speech 2: End-to-End Speech Recognition in English and MandarinDario Amodei, Rishita Anubhai, Eric Battenberg, et al.2015 · 2,302 citations
120. A Fast and Accurate Dependency Parser using Neural NetworksDanqi Chen, Christopher Manning2014 · 2,301 citations
121. Named Entity Recognition with Bidirectional LSTM-CNNsJason P. C. Chiu, Eric Nichols2015 · 2,276 citations
122. A Survey on Large Language Model based Autonomous AgentsLei Wang, Chen Ma, Xueyang Feng, et al.2023 · 2,263 citations
123. Reading Wikipedia to Answer Open-Domain QuestionsDanqi Chen, Adam Fisch, Jason Weston, et al.2017 · 2,250 citations
124. GPT-4o System CardOpenAI, Aaron Hurst, Adam Lerer, et al.2024 · 2,221 citations
125. ViLBERT: Pretraining Task-Agnostic Visiolinguistic Representations for Vision-and-Language TasksJiasen Lu, Dhruv Batra, Devi Parikh, et al.2019 · 2,217 citations

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