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Discourse-Aware Neural Extractive Text Summarization

Summary

BERT-based extractive summarizers usually pick whole sentences, which pulls irrelevant fragments into the output. BERT itself is pre-trained on short inputs, so it also struggles to connect distant parts of a long article. Xu et al. address both problems with DiscoBERT. Instead of sentences, the model scores Elementary Discourse Units (EDUs), which are clause-like segments from Rhetorical Structure Theory (RST), so extraction also acts as compression. To link distant content, the authors build two graphs over EDUs. The RST Graph comes from RST parse trees converted to dependencies. The Coreference Graph connects every unit that mentions the same entity cluster, with clusters detected by Stanford CoreNLP. A Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) over these graphs refines the BERT-based EDU representations before selection. On the CNNDM and NYT news benchmarks, the system clearly beats other BERT-base models. Human judges rated its readability only slightly below sentence-level extraction. The authors present it as the first end-to-end neural summarizer that selects EDUs, showing that discourse structure can add useful inductive bias to pretrained encoders.

Key points

  • The selection unit is the EDU. RST trees are converted into dependency form to build the RST Graph, but rhetorical relation labels are not encoded, because annotators agree on them less reliably.
  • The Coreference Graph targets position bias. About 25% of oracle sentences in CNNDM appear after the first 10 sentences, so useful content often lies deep in the article.
  • Evaluation used CNNDM and NYT. Grammaticality was checked automatically with Grammarly (errors per 10,000 characters).
  • Human evaluation covered 200 CNNDM test documents, each rated by two Turkers on a 1–5 scale. Overall scores were 3.45 for Sent-BERT (BERTSum), 3.24 for DiscoBERT and 3.28 for the reference summaries.
  • The main error sources were mistakes in the discourse parser and in RST dependency resolution, plus dangling pronouns when an EDU is extracted without its antecedent. Code and data are at github.com/jiacheng-xu/DiscoBERT.

Our summary of the paper, in our own words — not its text. The work belongs to its authors; read it at the links above.

Fields: Other

Topics: Discourse analysis · Coreference resolution

Cited by

122 papers of our library cite it (of the 140673 whose bibliographies we read); 19 of them have a page here, 103 not yet.

Cite

The paper itself, not this page. BibTeX from the library's record of the work. DOI 10.48550/arxiv.1910.14142 · arXiv 1910.14142

@misc{xu2019discourse,
  title = {{Discourse-Aware Neural Extractive Text Summarization}},
  author = {Xu, Jiacheng and Gan, Zhe and Cheng, Yu and Liu, Jingjing},
  year = {2019},
  doi = {10.48550/arxiv.1910.14142},
  eprint = {1910.14142},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1910.14142}
}

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