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Implicit Discourse Relation Detection via a Deep Architecture with Gated Relevance Network

Summary

The paper addresses implicit discourse relation recognition: deciding how two text segments relate logically (e.g., Contingency vs. Comparison) when no connective such as "because" appears. Earlier systems relied heavily on hand-crafted word-pair features, which suffer from sparse data, cannot measure how semantically related two words are, and ignore context. The authors replace raw words with embeddings and run a bidirectional LSTM over each segment, so every token becomes a context-aware vector. For each token pair across the two segments, a gated relevance network (GRN) computes an interaction score. It blends a bilinear tensor, which captures linear interactions, with a single-layer network, which captures nonlinear ones, using a learned sigmoid gate. Max-pooling over the resulting score matrix keeps the strongest interactions, and an MLP with softmax then predicts the relation. Trained end to end on PDTB 2.0 without manual features, the Bi-LSTM+GRN model beats previous feature-based methods on all relation types. This shows that learned pairwise interactions can stand in for engineered linguistic features.

Key points

  • Data: Penn Discourse Treebank 2.0, which has 40,600 annotated relations over 2,312 WSJ articles. The split is sections 2–20 for training, 21–22 for testing, and the rest for validation.
  • Architecture: embedding layer (rare words mapped to an OOV vector), Bi-LSTM, GRN score matrix, non-overlapping max-pooling, MLP with softmax. The model is trained with cross-entropy loss and diagonal AdaGrad on minibatches.
  • Unlike Socher et al.'s Neural Tensor Network, the GRN learns a gate that weighs the linear and nonlinear interaction terms. It also applies no extra nonlinearity to the combined score.
  • The paper analyses the "Psyllium's not a good crop" example (gold relation Contingency, implicit "because"). With the Bi-LSTM, pairs involving "not"/"good" and "ruined" receive high scores. Plain word embeddings fail to focus on these pairs.
  • The authors report gains over prior methods on every top-level relation. The exact figures are in the results section, which was missing from the supplied text.

Our summary of the paper, in our own words — not its text. The work belongs to its authors; read it at the links above.

Fields: Linguistics & languages

Topics: Discourse analysis

Cited by

31 papers of our library cite it (of the 140673 whose bibliographies we read); 22 of them have a page here, 9 not yet.

Cite

The paper itself, not this page. BibTeX from the library's record of the work. DOI 10.18653/v1/p16-1163

@inproceedings{chen2016implicit,
  title = {{Implicit Discourse Relation Detection via a Deep Architecture with Gated Relevance Network}},
  author = {Chen, Jifan and Zhang, Qi and Liu, Pengfei and Qiu, Xipeng and Huang, Xuanjing},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 54th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)},
  year = {2016},
  doi = {10.18653/v1/p16-1163},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p16-1163}
}

References

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