ToolkenGPT: Augmenting Frozen Language Models with Massive Tools via Tool Embeddings (2023 · 147 citations)
Equipping large language models with external tools usually means choosing between two flawed options. Full fine-tuning is expensive and fixes the tool set in advance. In-context prompting hits context-window limits, so it can show only a few tools and examples. ToolkenGPT keeps the LLM frozen and gives each tool its…
Decentralized Arena: Towards Democratic and Scalable Automatic Evaluation of Language Models (2026 · 1 citation)
Ranking the fast-growing population of LLMs is hard. Fixed-answer benchmarks such as MMLU saturate. Human-voted leaderboards like Chatbot Arena are slow and expensive. Using one strong model (e.g., GPT-4) as judge introduces that model's own biases. The authors propose Decentralized Arena (De-Arena), where every…

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Updated 2 November 2026