🧑‍🔬 Matthew Shardlow

🏛️ Affiliations

🎓Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester · United Kingdom2018–2026 · 79 paperscurrent🎓University of ManchesterManchester · United Kingdom2013–2018 · 9 papers

From the bylines of their papers (OpenAlex, 2026-10-14), ORCID and Wikidata; institutions on papers are matched by machine.

🧭 Concepts, shelves and topics

Of its works in our library: the number of works on each and its rating among them.

📅 Works by year

2020s

2010s

📄 Papers

The most cited first (OpenAlex and our library).

1. A Comparison of Techniques to Automatically Identify Complex Words. (2013 · 156 citations)
   The paper tackles complex word (CW) identification, the first step of lexical simplification. Errors here carry forward: flagging too many words causes needless substitutions that can shift meaning, and flagging too few leaves hard words in the text. Shardlow noted that no direct comparison of CW identification…
2. SemEval-2021 Task 1: Lexical Complexity Prediction (2021 · 155 citations)
   This shared-task report argues that a binary "complex vs. simple" label for words loses information, because readers differ in background and in how strictly they define difficulty. The organisers therefore replace Complex Word Identification (CWI) with Lexical Complexity Prediction (LCP), where systems output a…
3. Predicting Lexical Complexity in English Texts: The Complex 2.0 Dataset (2021 · 49 citations)
   The paper argues that Complex Word Identification (CWI) has been framed badly. Most work treats it as a binary decision, usually decided by whether any annotator marked a word as hard. The authors propose a continuous task instead, Lexical Complexity Prediction (LCP).

All works

26 works of theirs in our library, the most cited first; 3 with a page here, the others link their original until we summarise them.

1. A Comparison of Techniques to Automatically Identify Complex Words.Matthew ShardlowAnnual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop · 156 citations
2. SemEval-2021 Task 1: Lexical Complexity PredictionMatthew Shardlow, Richard Evans, Gustavo Henrique Paetzold, et al.International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval) · 155 citations
3. Out in the Open: Finding and Categorising Errors in the Lexical Simplification Pipeline · original ↗ · no summary yet · Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and…Shardlow, Matthew2014 · 88 citations
4. Findings of the TSAR-2022 Shared Task on Multilingual Lexical Simplification · original ↗ · no summary yet · Proceedings of the Workshop on Text Simplification, Accessibility, and…Horacio Saggion et al.2022 · 77 citations
5. BLESS: Benchmarking Large Language Models on Sentence Simplification · original ↗ · no summary yet · Proceedings of the 2023 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language…Tannon Kew et al.2023 · 74 citations
6. Lexical Simplification Benchmarks for English, Portuguese, and Spanish · original ↗ · no summary yet · arXiv:2209.05301Sanja Stajner et al.2022 · 60 citations
7. Neural Text Simplification of Clinical Letters with a Domain Specific Phrase Table · original ↗ · no summary yet · Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational…Matthew Shardlow, Raheel Nawaz2019 · 50 citations
8. Predicting Lexical Complexity in English Texts: The Complex 2.0 DatasetMatthew Shardlow, Richard Evans, Marcos ZampieriLanguage Resources and Evaluation · 49 citations
9. The BEA 2024 Shared Task on the Multilingual Lexical Simplification Pipeline · original ↗ · no summary yet · Proceedings of the 19th Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building…Matthew Shardlow et al.2024 · 42 citations
10. Deep Learning Approaches to Lexical Simplification: A Survey · original ↗ · no summary yet · arXiv:2305.12000Kai North et al.2023 · 40 citations
11. An Extensible Massively Multilingual Lexical Simplification Pipeline Dataset using the MultiLS Framework · original ↗ · no summary yet · Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Tools and Resources for People with REAding…Matthew Shardlow et al.2024 · 20 citations
12. CombiNMT: An Exploration into Neural Text Simplification Models · original ↗ · no summary yet · Proceedings of the Twelfth Language Resources and Evaluation ConferenceMichael Cooper, Matthew Shardlow2020 · 18 citations
13. Investigating Text Simplification Evaluation · original ↗ · no summary yet · Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL-IJCNLP 2021Laura Vásquez-Rodríguez et al.2021 · 15 citations
14. Multi-Word Lexical Simplification · original ↗ · no summary yet · Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Computational LinguisticsPiotr Przybyła, Matthew Shardlow2020 · 13 citations
15. UoM&MMU at TSAR-2022 Shared Task: Prompt Learning for Lexical Simplification · original ↗ · no summary yet · Proceedings of the Workshop on Text Simplification, Accessibility, and…Laura Vásquez-Rodríguez et al.2022 · 12 citations
16. Simple TICO-19: A Dataset for Joint Translation and Simplification of COVID-19 Texts · original ↗ · no summary yet · Proceedings of the Thirteenth Language Resources and Evaluation ConferenceMatthew Shardlow, Fernando Alva-Manchego2022 · 11 citations
17. MultiLS: A Multi-task Lexical Simplification Framework · original ↗ · no summary yet · arXiv:2402.14972Kai North et al.2024 · 10 citations
18. MultiLS: An End-to-End Lexical Simplification Framework · original ↗ · no summary yet · Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Text Simplification, Accessibility and…Kai North et al.2024 · 7 citations
19. ALEXSIS+: Improving Substitute Generation and Selection for Lexical Simplification with Information Retrieval · original ↗ · no summary yet · Proceedings of the 18th Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building…Kai North et al.2023 · 7 citations
20. Large Language Models for Biomedical Text Simplification: Promising But Not There Yet · original ↗ · no summary yet · arXiv:2408.03871Zihao Li et al.2024 · 6 citations
21. An Investigation into the Effect of Control Tokens on Text Simplification · original ↗ · no summary yet · Proceedings of the Workshop on Text Simplification, Accessibility, and…Zihao Li, Matthew Shardlow, Saeed Hassan2022 · 5 citations
22. Simple is not Enough: Document-level Text Simplification using Readability and Coherence · original ↗ · no summary yet · arXiv:2412.18655Laura Vasquez-Rodriguez et al.2024 · 4 citations
23. Efficient On-Device Text Simplification for Firefox with Synthetic Data Fine-Tuning · original ↗ · no summary yet · Proceedings of the Fourth Workshop on Text Simplification, Accessibility and…Pablo Romero, Zihao Li, Matthew Shardlow2025 · 1 citation
24. Benchmarking Check-Worthiness Models on LLM Generated Claims · original ↗ · no summary yet · Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Information Disorder (InDor) @ LREC 2026Charlie George Roadhouse, Matthew Shardlow, Ashley Williams2026
25. GPT-Based Lexical Simplification for Multi-Word Expressions Using Prompt Engineering · original ↗ · no summary yet · Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Recent Advances in Natural…Sardar Khan Khayamkhani, Matthew Shardlow2025

See all 26 works by Matthew Shardlow →

🤝 Co-authors here

3 co-authors with a page, the most papers together first.

• Marcos Zampieri ×2
• Richard Evans ×2
• Gustavo Paetzold

Venues

Where their works here were published, the most works first, with the editions of those that have a page.

• Proceedings of the Workshop on Text Simplification… ×5
• Proceedings of the 18th Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP… ×2
• Proceedings of the Twelfth Language Resources and… ×2
• Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop: Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop 2013
• Language Resources and Evaluation: Language Resources and Evaluation 2021
• International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval): SemEval 2021
• Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics…
• Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Recent…
• Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Information Disorder…
• Proceedings of the 2023 Conference on Empirical Methods in…
• Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on…
• Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Tools and Resources for…

🔗 Cited by

Papers of our library cite their works 561 times (of the 141,840 papers whose bibliographies we read); 15 citing papers with a page here →.

Updated 24 October 2026

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