🧑‍🔬 Elizabeth Clark

🏛️ Affiliations

🎓University of NottinghamNottingham · United Kingdom1990–2025 · 19 papersEmployment 1990–1992 · Research Assistant, BotanyEmployment 1992–1999 · Research Assistant, Respiratory MedicineEmployment since 2017 · Senior Trial Manager, Primary Carecurrent🎓Purdue University West LafayetteWest Lafayette · United States2021–2025 · 6 paperscurrent🎓University of WashingtonSeattle · United States2018–2021 · 12 papers🔬Allen Institute for Artificial IntelligenceSeattle · United States2019–2023 · 4 papers🏥Queen's Medical CentreNottingham · United Kingdom2016–2019 · 3 papers🔬British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular ScienceEdinburgh · United Kingdom2016–2017 · 3 papers🎓University of EdinburghEdinburgh · United Kingdom2016–2017 · 3 papers🏥Nottingham City HospitalNottingham · United Kingdom1996–2001 · 3 papers🎓University of California San DiegoSan Diego · United States2015 · 2 papers🏥MedStar Washington Hospital CenterWashington D.C. · United States2012–2013 · 2 papers

From the bylines of their papers (OpenAlex, 2026-10-14), ORCID and Wikidata; institutions on papers are matched by machine. 33 more institutions on single bylines are not listed.

🧭 Fields, topics and concepts

Of its works in our library, with the number of works on each.

📅 Works by year

2020s

2010s

📄 Papers

The most cited first (OpenAlex and our library).

1. Evaluation of Text Generation: A Survey (2020 · 388 citations)
   The survey addresses the question of how to evaluate natural language generation (NLG) systems. This is difficult because most such tasks are open-ended: many acceptable outputs can be given for a single input. The authors do not conduct experiments of their own. Instead, they systematize the evaluation methods that…
2. Sentence Mover's Similarity: Automatic Evaluation for Multi-Sentence Texts (2019 · 209 citations)
   Popular metrics such as ROUGE and BLEU score generated text by exact word overlap. As a result, they miss paraphrased or reordered content and correlate weakly with human judgments. The embedding-based word mover's distance (WMD) is more flexible, but it treats a document as an unordered bag of words and ignores how…

All works

7 works of theirs in our library, the most cited first; 2 with a page here, the others link their original until we summarise them.

1. All That's ‘Human' Is Not Gold: Evaluating Human Evaluation of Generated Text ↗Proceedings of the 59th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 11th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers) · no summary yetElizabeth Clark et al.2021 · 421 citations
2. Evaluation of Text Generation: A SurveyarXiv:2006.14799Asli Celikyilmaz, Elizabeth Clark, Jianfeng Gao2020 · 388 citations
3. Sentence Mover's Similarity: Automatic Evaluation for Multi-Sentence TextsAnnual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)Elizabeth Clark, Asli Celikyilmaz, Noah A. Smith2019 · 209 citations
4. Counterfactual Story Reasoning and Generation ↗Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and the 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-IJCNLP) · no summary yetLianhui Qin et al.2019 · 187 citations
5. Neural Text Generation in Stories Using Entity Representations as Context ↗Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 1 (Long Papers) · no summary yetElizabeth Clark, Yangfeng Ji, Noah A. Smith2018 · 166 citations
6. Sounding Board: A User-Centric and Content-Driven Social Chatbot ↗Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Demonstrations · no summary yetHao Fang et al.2018 · 73 citations
7. Don't Take This Out of Context!: On the Need for Contextual Models and Evaluations for Stylistic Rewriting ↗Proceedings of the 2023 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing · no summary yetAkhila Yerukola et al.2023 · 9 citations

🤝 Co-authors here

3 co-authors with a page, the most papers together first.

• Asli Celikyilmaz ×2
• Jianfeng Gao
• Noah A. Smith

Venues

Where their works here were published, the most works first, with the editions of those that have a page.

• Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL): ACL 2019
• Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Demonstrations
• Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 1 (Long Papers)
• Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and the 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-IJCNLP)
• Proceedings of the 2023 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing
• Proceedings of the 59th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 11th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)

🔗 Cited by

Papers of our library cite their works 588 times (of the 149,439 papers whose bibliographies we read); 99 citing papers with a page here →.

Updated 2 November 2026

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