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Dependency parsing

98 paper cards from the Research library · 4 of them with an idea Mova measured or kept

What it is

A dependency parser draws the grammar of a sentence as a tree of words: every word but one is attached to the word it depends on, and each attachment is labelled with its relation. In «The cat chased a mouse», «cat» is the subject of «chased», «mouse» its object, and each article depends on its noun.

Parsers are of two main kinds. Transition-based parsers read the sentence left to right and build the tree with a few actions, like a person reading; graph-based parsers score every possible attachment and pick the best tree at once. Both learn from treebanks and are measured by the share of words attached to the right head (UAS) and with the right label (LAS).

How Mova does it

Mova parses English with an arc-standard transition parser, an averaged perceptron with beam search, after its own tagger; the lexicon is compiled into the binary and every run is deterministic. In the GPU mode a transformer trained from scratch, gparse, gives the same kind of tree. A collection of open parsers serves as witnesses to measure and agree trees against.

The papers (98)

Cards with a measured or kept idea first, then by citations.

  1. Characterizing the Errors of Data-Driven Dependency Parsing Models 2 ideas kept — Ryan McDonald, Joakim Nivre, 2007 · 262 citations
  2. A Tale of Two Parsers: Investigating and Combining Graph-based and Transition-based Dependency Parsing measured — Yue Zhang, Stephen Clark, 2008 · 187 citations
  3. Applying Occam's Razor to Transformer-Based Dependency Parsing: What Works, What Doesn't, and What is Really Necessary measured — Stefan Grünewald, Annemarie Friedrich, Jonas Kuhn, 2021 · 9 citations
  4. Identifying Cascading Errors using Constraints in Dependency Parsing 2 ideas kept — Dominick Ng, James R. Curran, 2015 · 8 citations
  5. Generating Typed Dependency Parses from Phrase Structure Parses — Marie-Catherine de Marneffe, Bill MacCartney, Christopher D. Manning, 2006 · 2258 citations
  6. A Fast and Accurate Dependency Parser using Neural Networks — Danqi Chen, Christopher Manning, 2014 · 1795 citations
  7. CoNLL-X Shared Task on Multilingual Dependency Parsing — Sabine Buchholz, Erwin Marsi, 2006 · 963 citations
  8. Non-Projective Dependency Parsing using Spanning Tree Algorithms — Ryan McDonald, Fernando Pereira, Kiril Ribarov, Jan Hajič, 2005 · 847 citations
  9. Online Large-Margin Training of Dependency Parsers — Ryan McDonald, Koby Crammer, Fernando Pereira, 2005 · 791 citations
  10. Deep Biaffine Attention for Neural Dependency Parsing — Timothy Dozat, Christopher D. Manning, 2016 · 693 citations
  11. Simple and Accurate Dependency Parsing Using Bidirectional LSTM Feature Representations — Eliyahu Kiperwasser, Yoav Goldberg, 2016 · 615 citations
  12. Three New Probabilistic Models for Dependency Parsing: An Exploration — Jason M. Eisner, 1996 · 609 citations
  13. An Improved Non-monotonic Transition System for Dependency Parsing — Matthew Honnibal, Mark Johnson, 2015 · 602 citations
  14. Tokenizing, POS Tagging, Lemmatizing and Parsing UD 2.0 with UDPipe — Milan Straka, Jana Straková, 2017 · 567 citations
  15. Transition-Based Dependency Parsing with Stack Long Short-Term Memory — Chris Dyer, Miguel Ballesteros, Wang Ling, Austin Matthews et al., 2015 · 553 citations
  16. An Efficient Algorithm for Projective Dependency Parsing — Joakim Nivre, 2003 · 475 citations
  17. Online Learning of Approximate Dependency Parsing Algorithms — Ryan McDonald, Fernando Pereira, 2006 · 461 citations
  18. Algorithms for Deterministic Incremental Dependency Parsing — Joakim Nivre, 2008 · 435 citations
  19. CCGbank: A Corpus of CCG Derivations and Dependency Structures Extracted from the Penn Treebank — Julia Hockenmaier, Mark Steedman, 2007 · 383 citations
  20. Incrementality in Deterministic Dependency Parsing — Joakim Nivre, 2004 · 275 citations
  21. Stanford's Graph-based Neural Dependency Parser at the CoNLL 2017 Shared Task — Timothy Dozat, Peng Qi, Christopher D. Manning, 2017 · 220 citations
  22. Deterministic Dependency Parsing of English Text — Joakim Nivre, Mario Scholz, 2004 · 220 citations
  23. A Dependency Parser for Tweets — Lingpeng Kong, Nathan Schneider, Swabha Swayamdipta, Archna Bhatia et al., 2014 · 207 citations
  24. Machine Translation Using Probabilistic Synchronous Dependency Insertion Grammars — Yuan Ding, Martha Palmer, 2005 · 197 citations
  25. It Depends: Dependency Parser Comparison Using A Web-based Evaluation Tool — Jinho D. Choi, Joel Tetreault, Amanda Stent, 2015 · 139 citations
  26. Parsing to Stanford Dependencies: Trade-offs between Speed and Accuracy — Daniel Cer, Marie-Catherine de Marneffe, Dan Jurafsky, Chris Manning, 2010 · 128 citations
  27. Efficient Second-Order TreeCRF for Neural Dependency Parsing — Yu Zhang, Zhenghua Li, Min Zhang, 2020 · 89 citations
  28. Hybrid text simplification using synchronous dependency grammars with hand-written and automatically harvested rules — Advaith Siddharthan, Angrosh Mandya, 2014 · 82 citations
  29. Dependency Parsing of Modern Standard Arabic with Lexical and Inflectional Features — Yuval Marton, Nizar Habash, Owen Rambow, 2013 · 82 citations
  30. Frustratingly Hard Domain Adaptation for Dependency Parsing — Mark Dredze, John Blitzer, Partha Pratim Talukdar, Kuzman Ganchev et al., 2007 · 72 citations
  31. Evaluation of Dependency Parsers on Unbounded Dependencies — Joakim Nivre, Laura Rimell, Ryan McDonald, Carlos Gómez-Rodríguez, 2010 · 57 citations
  32. Twitter Universal Dependency Parsing for African-American and Mainstream American English — Su Lin Blodgett, Johnny Wei, Brendan O'Connor, 2018 · 49 citations
  33. A Dependency Perspective on RST Discourse Parsing and Evaluation — Mathieu Morey, Philippe Muller, Nicholas Asher, 2018 · 44 citations
  34. Improving Arabic Dependency Parsing with Lexical and Inflectional Morphological Features — Yuval Marton, Nizar Habash, Owen Rambow, 2010 · 43 citations
  35. Evaluating and Enhancing the Robustness of Neural Network-based Dependency Parsing Models with Adversarial Examples — Xiaoqing Zheng, Jiehang Zeng, Yi Zhou, Cho-Jui Hsieh et al., 2020 · 38 citations
  36. Joint Transition-based Dependency Parsing and Disfluency Detection for Automatic Speech Recognition Texts — Masashi Yoshikawa, Hiroyuki Shindo, Yuji Matsumoto, 2016 · 38 citations
  37. Joint Transition-Based Models for Morpho-Syntactic Parsing: Parsing Strategies for MRLs and a Case Study from Modern Hebrew — Amir More, Amit Seker, Victoria Basmova, Reut Tsarfaty, 2019 · 37 citations
  38. A Graph-based Lattice Dependency Parser for Joint Morphological Segmentation and Syntactic Analysis — Wolfgang Seeker, Özlem Çetinoğlu, 2015 · 37 citations
  39. Transition-Based Syntactic Linearization — Yijia Liu, Yue Zhang, Wanxiang Che, Bing Qin, 2015 · 34 citations
  40. A Non-Monotonic Arc-Eager Transition System for Dependency Parsing — Matthew Honnibal, Yoav Goldberg, Mark Johnson, 2013 · 33 citations
  41. Evaluating Dependency Parsing: Robust and Heuristics-Free Cross-Annotation Evaluation — Reut Tsarfaty, Joakim Nivre, Evelina Andersson, 2011 · 27 citations
  42. Arc-swift: A Novel Transition System for Dependency Parsing — Peng Qi, Christopher D. Manning, 2017 · 25 citations
  43. Easy-First Dependency Parsing of Modern Hebrew — Yoav Goldberg, Michael Elhadad, 2010 · 23 citations
  44. Hebrew Dependency Parsing: Initial Results — Yoav Goldberg, Michael Elhadad, 2009 · 20 citations
  45. Underspecified Universal Dependency Structures as Inputs for Multilingual Surface Realisation — Simon Mille, Anja Belz, Bernd Bohnet, Leo Wanner, 2018 · 17 citations
  46. Semantic Role Labeling as Syntactic Dependency Parsing — Tianze Shi, Igor Malioutov, Ozan Irsoy, 2020 · 15 citations
  47. The 2018 Shared Task on Extrinsic Parser Evaluation: On the Downstream Utility of English Universal Dependency Parsers — Murhaf Fares, Stephan Oepen, Lilja Øvrelid, Jari Björne et al., 2018 · 14 citations
  48. The Denoised Web Treebank: Evaluating Dependency Parsing under Noisy Input Conditions — Joachim Daiber, Rob van der Goot, 2016 · 14 citations
  49. BinLin: A Simple Method of Dependency Tree Linearization — Yevgeniy Puzikov, Iryna Gurevych, 2018 · 13 citations
  50. Unsupervised AMR-Dependency Parse Alignment — Wei-Te Chen, Martha Palmer, 2017 · 13 citations
  51. Improving Arabic Dependency Parsing with Form-based and Functional Morphological Features — Yuval Marton, Nizar Habash, Owen Rambow, 2011 · 13 citations
  52. Using the Penn Treebank to Evaluate Non-Treebank Parsers — Eric K. Ringger, Robert C. Moore, Eugene Charniak, Lucy Vanderwende et al., 2004 · 13 citations
  53. Dependency Parsing for Spoken Dialog Systems — Sam Davidson, Dian Yu, Zhou Yu, 2019 · 10 citations
  54. Graph-to-Graph Transformer for Transition-based Dependency Parsing — Alireza Mohammadshahi, James Henderson, 2020 · 8 citations
  55. A non-projective greedy dependency parser with bidirectional LSTMs — David Vilares, Carlos Gómez-Rodríguez, 2017 · 8 citations
  56. CamelParser2.0: A State-of-the-Art Dependency Parser for Arabic — Ahmed Elshabrawy, Muhammed AbuOdeh, Go Inoue, Nizar Habash, 2023 · 7 citations
  57. Dependency Tree Transformation with Tree Transducers — Felix Hennig, Arne Köhn, 2017 · 7 citations
  58. DTED: Evaluation of Machine Translation Structure Using Dependency Parsing and Tree Edit Distance — Martin McCaffery, Mark-Jan Nederhof, 2016 · 7 citations
  59. Discourse Analysis via Questions and Answers: Parsing Dependency Structures of Questions Under Discussion — Wei-Jen Ko, Yating Wu, Cutter Dalton, Dananjay Srinivas et al., 2023 · 6 citations
  60. Hexatagging: Projective Dependency Parsing as Tagging — Afra Amini, Tianyu Liu, Ryan Cotterell, 2023 · 6 citations
  61. Nucleus Composition in Transition-based Dependency Parsing — Joakim Nivre, Ali Basirat, Luise Dürlich, Adam Moss, 2022 · 6 citations
  62. Mind the Gap: Data Enrichment in Dependency Parsing of Elliptical Constructions — Kira Droganova, Filip Ginter, Jenna Kanerva, Daniel Zeman, 2018 · 6 citations
  63. A Closer Look into the Robustness of Neural Dependency Parsers Using Better Adversarial Examples — Yuxuan Wang, Wanxiang Che, Ivan Titov, Shay B. Cohen et al., 2021 · 5 citations
  64. Recursive Non-Autoregressive Graph-to-Graph Transformer for Dependency Parsing with Iterative Refinement — Alireza Mohammadshahi, James Henderson, 2021 · 5 citations
  65. Universal Morpho-Syntactic Parsing and the Contribution of Lexica: Analyzing the ONLP Lab Submission to the CoNLL 2018 Shared Task — Amit Seker, Amir More, Reut Tsarfaty, 2018 · 5 citations
  66. The Aligned Multimodal Movie Treebank: An audio, video, dependency-parse treebank — Adam Yaari, Jan DeWitt, Henry Hu, Bennett Stankovits et al., 2022 · 4 citations
  67. Fast and Accurate Non-Projective Dependency Tree Linearization — Xiang Yu, Simon Tannert, Ngoc Thang Vu, Jonas Kuhn, 2020 · 4 citations
  68. 'The parse is darc and full of errors: Universal dependency parsing with transition-based and graph-based algorithms' — Kuan Yu, Pavel Sofroniev, Erik Schill, Erhard Hinrichs, 2017 · 4 citations
  69. English Multiword Expression-aware Dependency Parsing Including Named Entities — Akihiko Kato, Hiroyuki Shindo, Yuji Matsumoto, 2017 · 4 citations
  70. A Cross-Task Flexible Transition Model for Arabic Tokenization, Affix Detection, Affix Labeling, POS Tagging, and Dependency Parsing — Stephen Tratz, 2013 · 4 citations
  71. Parsing Any Domain English text to CoNLL dependencies — Sudheer Kolachina, Prasanth Kolachina, 2012 · 4 citations
  72. Domain-Aware Dependency Parsing for Questions — Aparna Garimella, Laura Chiticariu, Yunyao Li, 2021 · 3 citations
  73. Integrating Graph-Based and Transition-Based Dependency Parsers in the Deep Contextualized Era — Agnieszka Falenska, Anders Björkelund, Jonas Kuhn, 2020 · 3 citations
  74. Approximate Dynamic Oracle for Dependency Parsing with Reinforcement Learning — Xiang Yu, Ngoc Thang Vu, Jonas Kuhn, 2018 · 3 citations
  75. LLM Dependency Parsing with In-Context Rules — Michael Ginn, Alexis Palmer, 2025 · 2 citations
  76. Comparing Neural Network Parsers for a Less-resourced and Morphologically-rich Language: Amharic Dependency Parser — Binyam Ephrem Seyoum, Yusuke Miyao, Baye Yimam Mekonnen, 2020 · 2 citations
  77. Extracting Headless MWEs from Dependency Parse Trees: Parsing, Tagging, and Joint Modeling Approaches — Tianze Shi, Lillian Lee, 2020 · 2 citations
  78. Out-of-Domain Dependency Parsing for Dialects of Arabic: A Case Study — Noor Abo Mokh, Daniel Dakota, Sandra Kübler, 2024 · 1 citations
  79. Dependency Parsing Evaluation for Low-resource Spontaneous Speech — Zoey Liu, Emily Prud'hommeaux, 2021 · 1 citations
  80. Evaluating Universal Dependency Parser Recovery of Predicate Argument Structure via CompChain Analysis — Sagar Indurkhya, Beracah Yankama, Robert C. Berwick, 2021 · 1 citations
  81. Automatically Selecting the Best Dependency Annotation Design with Dynamic Oracles — Guillaume Wisniewski, Ophélie Lacroix, François Yvon, 2018 · 1 citations
  82. Automatic Cross-Lingual Similarization of Dependency Grammars for Tree-based Machine Translation — Wenbin Jiang, Wen Zhang, Jinan Xu, Rangjia Cai, 2016 · 1 citations
  83. Arabic Morphosyntactic Tagging and Dependency Parsing with Large Language Models — Mohamed Adel, Bashar Alhafni, Nizar Habash, 2026
  84. CAIT: A Syntactic Parsing Toolkit for Child–Adult InTeractions — Francesca Padovani, Xiulin Yang, Bastian Bunzeck, Jaap Jumelet et al., 2026
  85. Head-initial and head-Final coordinate structures in two annotation schemes of dependency grammar — Timothy John Osborne, Chenchen Song, 2025
  86. Step-by-step Instructions and a Simple Tabular Output Format Improve the Dependency Parsing Accuracy of LLMs — Hiroshi Matsuda, Chunpeng Ma, Masayuki Asahara, 2025
  87. Conjunct Lengths in English, Dependency Length Minimization, and Dependency Structure of Coordination — Adam Przepiórkowski, Michał Woźniak, 2023
  88. Grammatical theory: From transformational grammar to constraint-based approaches — Stefan Müller, 2023
  89. Cross-Dialect Social Media Dependency Parsing for Social Scientific Entity Attribute Analysis — Chloe Eggleston, Brendan O'Connor, 2022
  90. Minor changes make a difference: a case study on the consistency of UD-based dependency parsers — Dmytro Kalpakchi, Johan Boye, 2021
  91. Transition-based Bubble Parsing: Improvements on Coordination Structure Prediction — Tianze Shi, Lillian Lee, 2021
  92. Inherent Dependency Displacement Bias of Transition-Based Algorithms — Mark Anderson, Carlos Gómez-Rodríguez, 2020
  93. Predicate Catenae: A Dependency Grammar Analysis of It-Clefts — Timothy Osborne, 2019
  94. Recursive LSTM Tree Representation for Arc-Standard Transition-Based Dependency Parsing — Mohab Elkaref, Bernd Bohnet, 2019
  95. Control vs. Raising in English. A Dependency Grammar Account — Timothy Osborne, Matthew Reeve, 2017
  96. Universal Joint Morph-Syntactic Processing: The Open University of Israel's Submission to The CoNLL 2017 Shared Task — Amir More, Reut Tsarfaty, 2017
  97. Semantic Dependency Parsing of NomBank and PropBank: An Efficient Integrated Approach via a Large-scale Feature Selection — Hai Zhao, Wenliang Chen, Chunyu Kit, 2009
  98. Czech-English Dependency Tree-based Machine Translation — Martin Čmejrek, Jan Cuřín, Jiří Havelka, 2003

More papers in the library (14)

The most cited first. All 14 →