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Coreference resolution

96 paper cards from the Research library · 10 of them with an idea Mova measured or kept

What it is

Coreference resolution finds the words of a text that refer to the same person or thing. In «Mary met her brother. She gave him a book.», «Mary», «her» and «She» are one person, «her brother» and «him» another. Every reader does this without noticing; a program has to work it out.

The hard cases need knowledge of the world: in «The trophy did not fit in the suitcase because it was too big», «it» is the trophy, and changing «big» to «small» makes it the suitcase. Systems are measured by how well their chains of mentions agree with chains marked by people, with several scores because there is no single right way to compare chains.

How Mova does it

Mova resolves coreference with a sieve: a series of rules from the most precise to the most permissive, each linking mentions for a stated reason (the same name, an appositive, a pronoun that agrees in number, gender and class), so every link can say why it was made. The frames reader uses the result to keep track of who acts in a story.

The papers (96)

Cards with a measured or kept idea first, then by citations.

  1. A Model-Theoretic Coreference Scoring Scheme measured — Marc Vilain, John Burger, John Aberdeen, Dennis Connolly et al., 1995 · 683 citations
  2. Resolving Pronoun References measured — Jerry R. Hobbs, 1978 · 612 citations
  3. On Coreference Resolution Performance Metrics measured — Xiaoqiang Luo, 2005 · 536 citations
  4. Deterministic Coreference Resolution Based on Entity-Centric, Precision-Ranked Rules measured — Heeyoung Lee, Angel Chang, Yves Peirsman, Nathanael Chambers et al., 2013 · 384 citations
  5. A Multi-Pass Sieve for Coreference Resolution measured — Karthik Raghunathan, Heeyoung Lee, Sudarshan Rangarajan, Nathanael Chambers et al., 2010 · 318 citations
  6. Scoring Coreference Partitions of Predicted Mentions: A Reference Implementation measured — Sameer Pradhan, Xiaoqiang Luo, Marta Recasens, Eduard Hovy et al., 2014 · 174 citations
  7. Anaphora With Non-nominal Antecedents in Computational Linguistics: a Survey 1 idea kept — Varada Kolhatkar, Adam Roussel, Stefanie Dipper, Heike Zinsmeister, 2018 · 28 citations
  8. What is it? Disambiguating the different readings of the pronoun 'it' 1 idea kept — Sharid Loáiciga, Liane Guillou, Christian Hardmeier, 2017 · 16 citations
  9. A Predictive Model for Notional Anaphora in English 2 ideas kept — Amir Zeldes, 2018 · 6 citations
  10. Algorithms for Scoring Coreference Chains measured — Amit Bagga, Breck Baldwin, 1998
  11. A Machine Learning Approach to Coreference Resolution of Noun Phrases — Wee Meng Soon, Hwee Tou Ng, Daniel Chung Yong Lim, 2001 · 982 citations
  12. End-to-end Neural Coreference Resolution — Kenton Lee, Luheng He, Mike Lewis, Luke Zettlemoyer, 2017 · 841 citations
  13. An Algorithm for Pronominal Anaphora Resolution — Shalom Lappin, Herbert J. Leass, 1994 · 752 citations
  14. CoNLL-2012 Shared Task: Modeling Multilingual Unrestricted Coreference in OntoNotes — Sameer Pradhan, Alessandro Moschitti, Nianwen Xue, Olga Uryupina et al., 2012 · 618 citations
  15. Looking Beyond the Surface: A Challenge Set for Reading Comprehension over Multiple Sentences — Daniel Khashabi, Snigdha Chaturvedi, Michael Roth, Shyam Upadhyay et al., 2018 · 370 citations
  16. Stanford's Multi-Pass Sieve Coreference Resolution System at the CoNLL-2011 Shared Task — Heeyoung Lee, Yves Peirsman, Angel Chang, Nathanael Chambers et al., 2011 · 356 citations
  17. CoNLL-2011 Shared Task: Modeling Unrestricted Coreference in OntoNotes — Sameer Pradhan, Lance Ramshaw, Mitchell Marcus, Martha Palmer et al., 2011 · 267 citations
  18. Anaphora and Discourse Structure — Bonnie Webber, Matthew Stone, Aravind Joshi, Alistair Knott, 2003 · 246 citations
  19. Supervised Noun Phrase Coreference Research: The First Fifteen Years — Vincent Ng, 2010 · 216 citations
  20. On Coreferring: Coreference in MUC and Related Annotation Schemes — Kees van Deemter, Rodger Kibble, 2000 · 210 citations
  21. Simple Coreference Resolution with Rich Syntactic and Semantic Features — Aria Haghighi, Dan Klein, 2009 · 195 citations
  22. Easy Victories and Uphill Battles in Coreference Resolution — Greg Durrett, Dan Klein, 2013 · 189 citations
  23. Which Coreference Evaluation Metric Do You Trust? A Proposal for a Link-based Entity Aware Metric — Nafise Sadat Moosavi, Michael Strube, 2016 · 125 citations
  24. Dialogue Acts, Synchronizing Units, and Anaphora Resolution — Miriam Eckert, Michael Strube, 2000 · 90 citations
  25. Missing objects in Hebrew: Argument ellipsis, not VP ellipsis — Idan Landau, 2018 · 87 citations
  26. An Empirical Approach to VP Ellipsis — Daniel Hardt, 1997 · 69 citations
  27. Inference is Everything: Recasting Semantic Resources into a Unified Evaluation Framework — Aaron Steven White, Pushpendre Rastogi, Kevin Duh, Benjamin Van Durme, 2017 · 68 citations
  28. WikiCoref: An English Coreference-annotated Corpus of Wikipedia Articles — Abbas Ghaddar, Phillippe Langlais, 2016 · 67 citations
  29. Discourse Relations: A Structural and Presuppositional Account Using Lexicalised TAG — Bonnie Webber, Alistair Knott, Matthew Stone, Aravind Joshi, 1999 · 56 citations
  30. Parsing and presuppositions in the calculation of local contexts — Matt Mandelkern, Jacopo Romoli, 2017 · 51 citations
  31. Error-Driven Analysis of Challenges in Coreference Resolution — Jonathan K. Kummerfeld, Dan Klein, 2013 · 46 citations
  32. Global Inference for Bridging Anaphora Resolution — Yufang Hou, Katja Markert, Michael Strube, 2013 · 44 citations
  33. Bridging Anaphora Resolution as Question Answering — Yufang Hou, 2020 · 41 citations
  34. The KnowRef Coreference Corpus: Removing Gender and Number Cues for Difficult Pronominal Anaphora Resolution — Ali Emami, Paul Trichelair, Adam Trischler, Kaheer Suleman et al., 2019 · 41 citations
  35. PreCo: A Large-scale Dataset in Preschool Vocabulary for Coreference Resolution — Hong Chen, Zhenhua Fan, Hao Lu, Alan Yuille et al., 2018 · 41 citations
  36. Unrestricted Bridging Resolution — Yufang Hou, Katja Markert, Michael Strube, 2018 · 31 citations
  37. Lexical Features in Coreference Resolution: To be Used With Caution — Nafise Sadat Moosavi, Michael Strube, 2017 · 31 citations
  38. Resolving Discourse Deictic Anaphora in Dialogues — Miriam Eckert, Michael Strube, 1999 · 30 citations
  39. Incremental Neural Coreference Resolution in Constant Memory — Patrick Xia, João Sedoc, Benjamin Van Durme, 2020 · 28 citations
  40. A Mention-Ranking Model for Abstract Anaphora Resolution — Ana Marasović, Leo Born, Juri Opitz, Anette Frank, 2017 · 27 citations
  41. On Generalization in Coreference Resolution — Shubham Toshniwal, Patrick Xia, Sam Wiseman, Karen Livescu et al., 2021 · 26 citations
  42. Merging PropBank, NomBank, TimeBank, Penn Discourse Treebank and Coreference — James Pustejovsky, Adam Meyers, Martha Palmer, Massimo Poesio, 2005 · 26 citations
  43. Coreference Resolution across Corpora: Languages, Coding Schemes, and Preprocessing Information — Marta Recasens, Eduard Hovy, 2010 · 25 citations
  44. Bridging resolution: Task definition, corpus resources and rule-based experiments — Ina Roesiger, Arndt Riester, Jonas Kuhn, 2018 · 23 citations
  45. The CODI-CRAC 2021 Shared Task on Anaphora, Bridging, and Discourse Deixis in Dialogue — Sopan Khosla, Juntao Yu, Ramesh Manuvinakurike, Vincent Ng et al., 2021 · 22 citations
  46. Recall Error Analysis for Coreference Resolution — Sebastian Martschat, Michael Strube, 2014 · 22 citations
  47. Using Linguistic Features to Improve the Generalization Capability of Neural Coreference Resolvers — Nafise Sadat Moosavi, Michael Strube, 2018 · 19 citations
  48. LingMess: Linguistically Informed Multi Expert Scorers for Coreference Resolution — Shon Otmazgin, Arie Cattan, Yoav Goldberg, 2023 · 17 citations
  49. Verb Phrase Ellipsis Resolution Using Discriminative and Margin-Infused Algorithms — Kian Kenyon-Dean, Jackie Chi Kit Cheung, Doina Precup, 2016 · 17 citations
  50. Exploring the steps of Verb Phrase Ellipsis — Zhengzhong Liu, Edgar Gonzàlez Pellicer, Daniel Gillick, 2016 · 15 citations
  51. An Annotated Dataset of Coreference in English Literature — David Bamman, Olivia Lewke, Anya Mansoor, 2020 · 13 citations
  52. Ellipsis Resolution as Question Answering: An Evaluation — Rahul Aralikatte, Matthew Lamm, Daniel Hardt, Anders Søgaard, 2021 · 11 citations
  53. Beyond Identity Coreference: Contrasting Indicators of Textual Coherence in English and German — Kerstin Kunz, Ekaterina Lapshinova-Koltunski, José Manuel Martínez, 2016 · 11 citations
  54. Singletons and Coreference Resolution Evaluation — Sandra Kübler, Desislava Zhekova, 2011 · 11 citations
  55. DocAMR: Multi-Sentence AMR Representation and Evaluation — Tahira Naseem, Austin Blodgett, Sadhana Kumaravel, Tim O'Gorman et al., 2022 · 10 citations
  56. Antecedent Selection for Sluicing: Structure and Content — Pranav Anand, Daniel Hardt, 2016 · 10 citations
  57. Recognition of They/Them as Singular Personal Pronouns in Coreference Resolution — Connor Baumler, Rachel Rudinger, 2022 · 8 citations
  58. ARRAU: Linguistically-Motivated Annotation of Anaphoric Descriptions — Olga Uryupina, Ron Artstein, Antonella Bristot, Federica Cavicchio et al., 2016 · 8 citations
  59. CorefUD 1.0: Coreference Meets Universal Dependencies — Anna Nedoluzhko, Michal Novák, Martin Popel, Zdeněk Žabokrtský et al., 2022 · 6 citations
  60. Opinion Piece: Can we Fix the Scope for Coreference? Problems and Solutions for Benchmarks beyond OntoNotes — Amir Zeldes, 2022 · 6 citations
  61. Free the Plural: Unrestricted Split-Antecedent Anaphora Resolution — Juntao Yu, Nafise Sadat Moosavi, Silviu Paun, Massimo Poesio, 2020 · 6 citations
  62. Using Automatically Extracted Minimum Spans to Disentangle Coreference Evaluation from Boundary Detection — Nafise Sadat Moosavi, Leo Born, Massimo Poesio, Michael Strube, 2019 · 4 citations
  63. The Use of Parallel and Comparable Data for Analysis of Abstract Anaphora in German and English — Stefanie Dipper, Melanie Seiss, Heike Zinsmeister, 2012 · 4 citations
  64. Focusing for Pronoun Resolution in English Discourse: An Implementation — Ebru Ersan, Varol Akman, 1994 · 4 citations
  65. Challenges to Evaluating the Generalization of Coreference Resolution Models: A Measurement Modeling Perspective — Ian Porada, Alexandra Olteanu, Kaheer Suleman, Adam Trischler et al., 2024 · 3 citations
  66. NoEl: An Annotated Corpus for Noun Ellipsis in English — Payal Khullar, Kushal Majmundar, Manish Shrivastava, 2020 · 3 citations
  67. Variation in Coreference Strategies across Genres and Production Media — Berfin Aktaş, Manfred Stede, 2020 · 3 citations
  68. Findings of the Fourth Shared Task on Multilingual Coreference Resolution: Can LLMs Dethrone Traditional Approaches? — Michal Novák, Miloslav Konopik, Anna Nedoluzhko, Martin Popel et al., 2025 · 2 citations
  69. AmbiCoref: Evaluating Human and Model Sensitivity to Ambiguous Coreference — Yuewei Yuan, Chaitanya Malaviya, Mark Yatskar, 2023 · 2 citations
  70. Scoring Coreference Chains with Split-Antecedent Anaphors — Silviu Paun, Juntao Yu, Nafise Sadat Moosavi, Massimo Poesio, 2023 · 2 citations
  71. The English past tense as a definite description — Ruoying Zhao, 2023 · 2 citations
  72. Can language models capture syntactic associations without surface cues? A case study of reflexive anaphor licensing in English control constructions — Soo-Hwan Lee, Sebastian Schuster, 2022 · 1 citations
  73. Anatomy of OntoGUM—Adapting GUM to the OntoNotes Scheme to Evaluate Robustness of SOTA Coreference Algorithms — Yilun Zhu, Sameer Pradhan, Amir Zeldes, 2021 · 1 citations
  74. Finding The Right One and Resolving it — Payal Khullar, Arghya Bhattacharya, Manish Shrivastava, 2020 · 1 citations
  75. Anaphora and Deixis in Tiberian Hebrew: Semantically Mapping the Case for a Distance-Neutral Demonstrative — David Kummerow, 2014 · 1 citations
  76. (Pre-)Annotation of Topic-Focus Articulation in Prague Czech-English Dependency Treebank — Jiří Mírovský, Kateřina Rysová, Magdaléna Rysová, Eva Hajičová, 2013 · 1 citations
  77. Beyond Word Boundaries: A Hebrew Coreference Benchmark and an Evaluation Protocol for Morphologically Complex Text — Refael Shaked Greenfeld, Reut Tsarfaty, 2026
  78. Findings of the Fifth Shared Task on Multilingual Coreference Resolution: Expanding Datasets for Long-Range Entities — Michal Novák, Miloslav Konopík, Anna Nedoluzhko, Martin Popel et al., 2026
  79. GUMBridge: A Corpus for Varieties of Bridging Anaphora — Lauren Levine, Amir Zeldes, 2026
  80. What's in a Bridge?: A Descriptive, Multi-Genre Analysis of the GUMBridge Corpus for Varieties of Bridging Anaphora — Lauren Levine, Amir Zeldes, 2026
  81. Subjectivity in the Annotation of Bridging Anaphora — Lauren Levine, Amir Zeldes, 2025
  82. Syntax of referents of relative markers: Evidence from a corpus of learner English — Izabela Czerniak, Debopam Das, 2025
  83. Towards Named-Entity and Coreference Annotation of the Hebrew Bible — Daniel G. Swanson, Bryce D. Bussert, Francis Tyers, 2024
  84. Unifying the Scope of Bridging Anaphora Types in English: Bridging Annotations in ARRAU and GUM — Lauren Levine, Amir Zeldes, 2024
  85. PCR4ALL: A Comprehensive Evaluation Benchmark for Pronoun Coreference Resolution in English — Xinran Zhao, Hongming Zhang, Yangqiu Song, 2022
  86. The CODI-CRAC 2022 Shared Task on Anaphora, Bridging, and Discourse Deixis in Dialogue — Juntao Yu, Sopan Khosla, Ramesh Manuvinakurike, Lori Levin et al., 2022
  87. Can predicate-argument relationships be extracted from UD trees? — Adam Ek, Jean-Philippe Bernardy, Stergios Chatzikyriakidis, 2021
  88. Coreference meets Universal Dependencies – a pilot experiment on harmonizing coreference datasets for 11 languages — Anna Nedoluzhko, Michal Novák, Martin Popel, Zdeněk Žabokrtský et al., 2021
  89. Do UD Trees Match Mention Spans in Coreference Annotations? — Martin Popel, Zdeněk Žabokrtský, Anna Nedoluzhko, Michal Novák et al., 2021
  90. GBI Treebanks as a Resource for New Applications — Andi Wu, 2019
  91. New perspectives on cohesion and coherence: Implications for translation — Katrin Menzel, Ekaterina Lapshinova-Koltunski, Kerstin Kunz, 2017
  92. SciCorp: A Corpus of English Scientific Articles Annotated for Information Status Analysis — Ina Roesiger, 2016
  93. Conundrums in Noun Phrase Coreference Resolution: Making Sense of the State-of-the-Art — Veselin Stoyanov, Nathan Gilbert, Claire Cardie, Ellen Riloff, 2009
  94. Resolving Multiple Wh-Fragments: A Syntax-Pragmatics Approach — Sang-Hee Park, 2009
  95. CogNIAC: high precision coreference with limited knowledge and linguistic resources — Breck Baldwin, 1997
  96. CogNIAC: A Discourse Processing Engine — Breck Baldwin, 1995

More papers in the library (39)

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