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The FrameNet tagset for frame-semantic and syntactic coding of predicate-argument structure

Summary

The paper describes the annotation scheme of the Berkeley FrameNet Project. This corpus-based lexicography effort, grounded in Fillmore's frame semantics, records how the semantic roles of English verbs, nouns and adjectives surface in syntax. Each word is tied to a frame, a schematic situation whose participants are frame elements (FEs). Annotators work on sentences from the British National Corpus (BNC). They label the constituents around a target word with FE names, and a phrase labeler then automatically assigns each constituent a Phrase Type and a Grammatical Function. The scheme also covers roles that are understood but left unexpressed, using three categories of null instantiation. The authors illustrate the approach with the Communication domain, from a basic verbal communication frame to more specific Statement and Conversation frames. They then contrast FrameNet with WordNet and COMLEX, neither of which connects syntactic arguments to semantic roles. The main contribution is this explicit linking of roles to syntax, which complements existing lexicons and could support word sense disambiguation.

Key points

  • Annotation is XML produced with Mitre's Alembic Workbench on BNC sentences. The Phrase Type inventory (NP, PP, VPto, Sfin, AjP, Quo, etc.) was built with reference to Comlex syntax.
  • The Grammatical Functions are Ext, Comp, Obj, Mod, Xtrap, Pred, Head and Gen. The scheme does not separate obliques from complements.
  • Unexpressed FEs are tagged as Indefinite (INI), Definite (DNI) or Constructionally Licensed (CNI) Null Instantiation, for example the omitted Message of tell or the subject of a passive.
  • Frames are grouped into 14 domains (e.g. Body, Cognition, Communication, Motion, Transaction, General). Basic Verbal Communication FEs are Speaker, Addressee, Message, Topic, Medium and Code.
  • The three WordNet senses of argue map to the Statement, Conversation and Evidence frames. FrameNet shows that these senses take different argument structures, a distinction WordNet's sentence frames do not capture.

Our summary of the paper, in our own words — not its text. The work belongs to its authors; read it at the links above.

Fields: Linguistics & languages

Topics: Word sense disambiguation · Semantic role labeling · Part-of-speech tagging

Cite

The paper itself, not this page. BibTeX from the library's record of the work.

@inproceedings{johnson2000framenet,
  title = {{The FrameNet tagset for frame-semantic and syntactic coding of predicate-argument structure}},
  author = {Johnson, Christopher and Fillmore, Charles J.},
  booktitle = {1st Meeting of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  url = {https://aclanthology.org/A00-2008/}
}

References

18 references, 2 of them with a card of ours. ↗ leads to the work, «find» searches for one we have no id for yet.

  1. Bailey, D., J. Feidman, S. Narayanan and G. Lakoff. (1997) Modeling embodied lexical semantics. In Proceedings of the 19th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society COGSCI-97. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. find
  2. Baker, Collin F., Charles J. Fillmore, and John B. Lowe. (1998) The Berkeley FrameNet Project. In COLING-ACL '98 Proceedings of the Conference held August 10-14, 1998, in Montreal, Canada, pp.86-90. find our card
  3. Fellbaum, Christiane (1987) WordNet: An electronic lexical database. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. find
  4. Fillmore, Charles J. (1968) The case for case. In E. Bach and R. Harms (eds.), Universals in Linguistic Theory. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston. find
  5. Fillmore, Charles J. (1982) Frame semantics. In Linguistics in the Morning Calm, pp. 111-137. Seoul, South Korea: Hanshin Publishing Co. find
  6. Fillmore, Charles J. (1986) Pragmatically Controlled Zero Anaphora. In Proceedings of the 12th annual meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society, pp. 95-107. find
  7. Fillmore, Charles J. and B. T. S. Atkins. (1999) Describing polysemy: the case of 'crawl'. In Polysemy: Linguistic and Computational Approaches, (eds.) Yael Ravin and Claudia Leacock. Oxford: Oxford University Press. find
  8. Fillmore, Charles J. and B.T.S. Atkins. (1998) FrameNet and lexicographic relevance. In Proceedings of the First International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation, Granada, Spain, 28-30 May 1998. find
  9. Fillmore, Charles J., Nancy Ide, Daniel Jurafsky, and Catherine Macleod (May 1998) An American National Corpus: A Proposal. In Proceedings of the First International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC); Granada, Spain 28-30 May 1998. find
  10. Gahl, Susanne (1998) Automatic extraction of Subcorpora based on Subcategorization Frames from a Part-of-Speech tagged Corpus. In COLING-ACL '98 Proceedings of the Conference held August 10-14, 1998, at the University of Montr6al, Canada, pp.428-32. find
  11. Gahl, Susanne (1998) Automatic extraction of Subcorpora for Corpus-based Dictionary-building. In Thierry Fontenelle et al. (eds.), EURALEX '98 Proceedings: Papers submitted to the Eighth EURALEX Conference, at the University of Li6ge, Belgium, pp.445-452. find
  12. J.B. Lowe, C.F. Baker, and C.J. Fillmore. (1997) A frame-semantic approach to semantic annotation. In Proceedings of the SIGLEX workshop "Tagging Text with Lexical Semantics: Why, What, and How?" held April 4-5, in Washington, D.C., USA in conjunction with ANLP-97. find our card
  13. Johnson, Christopher (1999) Multiple frame inheritance in lexical descriptions. Annual Meeting of the Linguistic Society of America. Los Angeles, January 9. find
  14. Johnson, Christopher. (1999) Syntactic and semantic principles of FrameNet annotation. TC-99-018, International Computer Science Institute, Berkeley, CA. find
  15. Langacker, Ronald. (1987) Foundations of Cognit&e Grammar, Vol. 1: Theoretical Perspectives. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. find
  16. Levin, Beth. (1993) English Verb Classes and Alternations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. find
  17. Meyers, Adam, Catherine Macleod, and Ralph Grishman. (1995) Comlex syntax 2.0 manual for tagged entries. Technical report, Proteus Project, New York University. find
  18. Narayanan, S. (1997) KARMA: Knowledge-Based Active Representations for Metaphor and Aspect. Ph.D. Dissertation, Computer Science Division, University of California, Berkeley. ~"]t 62 find

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