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Development of an Arabic Grammar Instructional Medium Based on Illustrated Stories in Elementary School

Summary

The paper addresses a classroom problem in Indonesian primary education. Fourth graders find Arabic grammar (nahw and sarf) abstract and dull, lessons are mostly lectures, and textbooks offer little visual appeal. The authors followed an R&D design based on the ADDIE model (analysis, design, development, implementation, evaluation) and built a comic, or illustrated-story, teaching medium. In it, grammar points are presented inside short picture narratives. The study took place at Muhammadiyah Elementary School 33 Kademangan. Data came from:

  • classroom observation and interviews,
  • separate validations by a content expert and a media expert,
  • a student response questionnaire (Likert and Guttman scales),
  • pretest and posttest scores analysed with N-Gain in SPSS.

Experts rated the comic as highly feasible, and students reacted very positively. Average scores rose substantially after use, with a moderate normalized gain. The work matters because it shows that pairing pictures with a storyline can make formal grammar easier for young learners. The authors ground this in Clark & Mayer's multimedia learning ideas and align it with the Kurikulum Merdeka emphasis on discovery learning.

Key points

  • Method: R&D with the five-stage ADDIE model. The subjects were fourth-grade pupils at Muhammadiyah Elementary School 33 Kademangan.
  • Expert feasibility scores were 92.5% from the content expert and 96.66% from the media expert. The average student response was 95%.
  • Mean scores went from 54.57 on the pretest to 81.52 on the posttest. The N-Gain of 0.60 falls in the "moderate" category.
  • The baseline analysis found passive pupils, lecture-dominated teaching and unattractive textbooks. It also found a gap with the differentiated, discovery-oriented Kurikulum Merdeka.
  • The theoretical basis is Clark & Mayer's work on visual and multimedia support for cognitive processing.

Interesting ideas

  • I1. Effectiveness is reported as N-Gain, which measures improvement as a share of the room left to improve rather than as a raw score jump; this makes gains comparable across groups with different starting levels. — For Mova (learn): Report each training or repair round as normalized gain over the remaining headroom on a benchmark. This keeps fixes on already-strong test suites comparable with fixes on weak ones.
  • I2. Validation is split between a content expert, who judges correctness, and a media expert, who judges presentation, with end users rated separately as a third perspective. This keeps "is it right" apart from "is it usable". — For Mova (back): Score generated or round-tripped text on two independent axes: meaning fidelity against the source graph, and fluency or readability. A fluent but wrong output should not hide behind a high single score.
  • I3. Grammar is taught inside a story, not as isolated rules, so each structure appears with characters and events that give it context. — For Mova (answer): Build school-course test items where grammatical questions are embedded in short tales. The reader must then resolve them through the world of the text, not through surface pattern matching.
  • I4. The ADDIE cycle opens by observing and documenting the actual current state before anything is designed, so the product targets observed weaknesses. — For Mova (learn): Begin each improvement cycle with an error audit on real parses or answers. Then design repair rules or teacher prompts aimed only at the failure types found there.

Our summary of the paper, in our own words — not its text. The work belongs to its authors; read it at the links above.

Fields: Linguistics & languages

Cite

The paper itself, not this page. BibTeX from the library's record of the work. DOI 10.31000/al-muyassar.v5i1.16116

@inproceedings{solihah2026development,
  title = {{Development of an Arabic Grammar Instructional Medium Based on Illustrated Stories in Elementary School}},
  author = {Solihah, Siti Nurhayati and Mu'izzuddin, Moch and Syahid, Ahmad Habibi and Nurislamiah, Siti and Perkasa, Nur Alfin Bintang},
  booktitle = {Al-Muyassar 5},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.31000/al-muyassar.v5i1.16116},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.31000/al-muyassar.v5i1.16116}
}

References

20 references, 0 of them with a card of ours. ↗ leads to the work, «find» searches for one we have no id for yet.

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