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Developing the Traditional Game Engklek to Teach Arabic Grammar in Madrasah Tsanawiyah

Summary

The paper addresses a teaching problem rather than a computational one: Indonesian madrasah pupils often find Arabic grammar dull and hard, and they increasingly rely on tools like Google Translate. The authors adapt Engklek, a traditional Indonesian hopscotch game, into a classroom tool for qawāʿid. Each square of the board is tied to a task card. The tasks cover taṣrīf lughawī (verb conjugation) and pairing each ḍamīr (pronoun) with its meaning. The idea is that hopping square by square mirrors the step-by-step way grammar is learned. Development followed the Dick and Carey instructional design model, with nine of its ten stages carried out. Subject-matter and media experts judged the product valid. A trial with 21 eighth-graders gave a mean feasibility score of 80.7%, and pupils were reported as eager and actively involved. The authors present this as evidence that local cultural games can make grammar teaching more engaging while also keeping heritage alive. The evaluation, however, is small and based on perceptions.

Key points

  • The product was built with the Dick and Carey model. Summative evaluation, the tenth stage, was skipped because it needs large-scale testing.
  • Participants were eighth-grade pupils aged 13–14. They had basic Arabic but weak grammar. Objectives covered verb conjugation, pronoun use and sentence building.
  • Formative evaluation ran in three steps: expert review, a small-group trial, then a field test with 21 students. Revisions for clarity and design followed.
  • Success was scored as total obtained score divided by the maximum score, times 100. The trial result was 80.7% feasibility.
  • The claimed improvement in understanding rests on expert validation and student questionnaires. The available text reports no controlled pre/post test of learning gain.

Interesting ideas

  • I1. The board turns an ordered progression of grammar skills into a physical path, so each level depends on the previous one being done first. — For Mova (learn): Training and evaluation items could be ordered as a graded path, for example simple clauses before coordination and relative clauses, so we can see which level a model first fails at.
  • I2. One exercise type drills the full conjugation of a verb across persons and pronouns. — For Mova (tokens): We could auto-generate complete inflection paradigms per lemma as test cards for the en morphology and lemmatizer, checking every person/number cell rather than a sample of corpus tokens.
  • I3. A separate exercise pairs each pronoun with its referent meaning, treating pronoun–feature mapping as a skill of its own. — For Mova (frames): Coreference could get its own small diagnostic on person/number/gender agreement of pronouns, scored apart from full resolution, to explain where linking errors come from.
  • I4. Content correctness and presentation quality were validated by two different expert groups. — For Mova (learn): Evaluation could keep a linguistic-correctness score for trees and frames separate from a score for how clear the step-by-step explanation is, so one does not mask the other.
  • I5. The study stages its checks from expert review to small group to field test, and openly reports that the last stage was not run. — For Mova (answer): New readers for school-course tests could be rolled out through the same staged gates. Reports should also state which stage was skipped and should not treat satisfaction-style scores as measured accuracy.

Our summary of the paper, in our own words — not its text. The work belongs to its authors; read it at the links above.

Fields: Linguistics & languages

Cite

The paper itself, not this page. BibTeX from the library's record of the work. DOI 10.29240/jba.v9i2.12692

@inproceedings{rohanda2025developing,
  title = {{Developing the Traditional Game Engklek to Teach Arabic Grammar in Madrasah Tsanawiyah}},
  author = {Rohanda, Rohanda and Komara, Wildan Rinanda and Salsabila, Syarah and Azhar, Ruly Syaeful and Qimanullah, Abdul Malik},
  booktitle = {Arabiyatuna: Jurnal Bahasa Arab 9},
  year = {2025},
  doi = {10.29240/jba.v9i2.12692},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.29240/jba.v9i2.12692}
}

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