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Modality and Negation: An Introduction to the Special Issue

Paper · 2012 · Roser Morante and Caroline Sporleder

Summary

This introductory survey argues that NLP has concentrated on propositional content, such as who did what to whom. It neglects extra-propositional meaning: how certain a speaker is, where information comes from, and whether something is asserted, denied, or merely hoped for. The authors take a broad view of modality that covers hedging, evidentiality, uncertainty, committed belief, factuality, and subjectivity. They treat negation as the device that flips a proposition's truth value. The paper reviews theoretical accounts from Jespersen, Palmer, Lyons, von Fintel, and Kratzer. It then catalogues annotated corpora and annotation schemes, followed by automatic methods: classifying speculative sentences, cue detection and scope resolution at predicate level, contradiction and contrast handling in discourse, and sentiment analysis. It also introduces the four articles in the special issue. The authors conclude that the field is still young. Competing annotation schemes keep corpora small, interactions between phenomena are rarely modeled, and work is concentrated on English and a few genres.

Key points

  • The field has focused on two core tasks: detecting negation and modality cues, and resolving the scope of those cues. Simple lexical look-up is not enough, because cues are heterogeneous, ambiguous (e.g. might), and sometimes multiword.
  • Modality and negation information has improved several applications:
    • textual entailment
    • machine translation
    • trustworthiness detection
    • citation classification
    • clinical and biomedical text processing
  • The special issue contains four articles:
    • de Marneffe et al. model pragmatic veridicality as probability distributions.
    • Szarvas et al. propose a unified uncertainty scheme and cue-aware selection of source-domain data for domain adaptation.
    • Velldal et al. combine a dependency rule system with constituent-based scope ranking.
    • Baker et al. build rule-based modality and negation taggers that feed into syntax-based MT.
  • Public resources such as the MPQA and BioScope corpora, along with shared tasks (Farkas et al. 2010a), are presented as progress toward common annotation standards.
  • The authors name three open challenges:
    • harmonizing annotation schemes
    • modeling discourse-level interactions
    • extending work beyond English and beyond the biomedical, review, and newswire genres

Our summary of the paper, in our own words — not its text. The work belongs to its authors; read it at the links above.

 Institutions

🎓Saarland UniversitySaarbrücken · Germany102 works · 17,447 citations🎓University of AntwerpAntwerp · Belgium9 works · 3,209 citations

📚 Shelves 4 Computer Science · 9,086 works Artificial Intelligence · 8,889 works Arts and Humanities · 9,296 works Language and Linguistics · 9,206 works

Cite

Cite as Roser Morante and Caroline Sporleder. 2012. Modality and Negation: An Introduction to the Special Issue. Computational Linguistics.

The paper itself, not this page. BibTeX from the library's record of the work. DOI 10.1162/coli_a_00095

@article{morante2012modality,
  title = {{Modality and Negation: An Introduction to the Special Issue}},
  author = {Roser Morante and Caroline Sporleder},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2012},
  doi = {10.1162/coli\_a\_00095},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1162/coli_a_00095}
}

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