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Challenges for the Representation of Morphology in Ontology Lexicons

Summary

The paper examines how to represent morphology in dictionaries published as Linguistic Linked Data. The OntoLex-lemon model has effectively become the standard for lexical data on the web. However, morphological information from traditional dictionaries cannot be expressed in it directly. The authors analyse examples: the German dictionary of K Dictionaries, Ancient Greek lexicons, and the conjugation table of the Spanish verb amar. They show that dictionaries usually provide only a few principal forms or endings. The rest of the paradigm must be reconstructed by the user, and the division into stem and affixes remains implicit. To address this shortcoming, the authors are building an additional Morphology Module for OntoLex-lemon, grounded in the MMoOn Core ontology. It is meant not only to record individual forms of a lexeme but also to generate the entire paradigm from morphological patterns (analogous to declension and conjugation classes). The module is also meant to decompose words into their constituents. The paper describes an intermediate state of the model and the difficulties that arose during its design. There is no quantitative evaluation. For richly inflected languages, including Ukrainian, such a module is needed to create machine-processable dictionaries.

Key points

  • The module is designed to be compatible with the rest of OntoLex-lemon: the ontolex core, the synsem, decomp, vartrans and lime modules, as well as the Lexicography Module. Modules for frequency and attestation and for etymology are being developed in parallel.
  • Thanks to MMoOn Core, the module distinguishes between word formation and inflection and covers allomorphy, suppletion, simulfixes and transfixes.
  • Motivating examples: noun plurals in German and Irish cannot be predicted from the stem, and Romance verbs have many irregular or semi-irregular forms.
  • OntoLex-lemon grew out of the LingInfo, LexOnto and LIR models, which were first merged into lemon in the Monnet project. The model was subsequently extended by the W3C Ontology Lexicon Community Group. It is built on RDF/OWL following the principle of "semantics by reference".
  • This is work in progress (eLex 2019). The paper has 8 sections, with no numerical results or evaluation on data.

Our summary of the paper, in our own words — not its text. The work belongs to its authors; read it at the links above.

Fields: Linguistics & languages

Topics Morphology Knowledge graphs & ontologies

Cite

Cite as Bettina Klimek, John P. McCrae, Julia Bosque-Gil, Maxim Ionov, James K. Tauber and Christian Chiarcos. 2019. Challenges for the Representation of Morphology in Ontology Lexicons. eLex 2019 (Sintra), pp. 570–591.

The paper itself, not this page. BibTeX from the library's record of the work.

@inproceedings{klimek2019challenges,
  title = {{Challenges for the Representation of Morphology in Ontology Lexicons}},
  author = {Bettina Klimek, John P. McCrae, Julia Bosque-Gil, Maxim Ionov, James K. Tauber and Christian Chiarcos},
  booktitle = {eLex 2019 (Sintra), pp. 570–591},
  year = {2019},
  url = {https://elex.link/elex2019/proceedings-download/}
}

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