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MAC/FAC: A model of similarity-based retrieval

Paper · 1995 · Kenneth D. Forbus, Dedre Gentner and Keith Law

Summary

Similarity-based memory retrieval presents a puzzle. When people compare two cases side by side, they weight shared relational structure more than surface overlap. When recalling from long-term memory, however, surface resemblance tends to dominate, yet purely analogical remindings still occur occasionally.

Forbus, Gentner and Law propose MAC/FAC, a two-stage retrieval model that reconciles these findings. The MAC stage is an inexpensive, non-structural filter. Each structured description is also stored as a content vector, and the dot product of probe and memory vectors predicts how well a full structural comparison would succeed. The FAC stage runs the Structure-Mapping Engine (SME) only on the few survivors to compute true structural alignments.

The implemented system was tested on dozens of examples. It reproduces access patterns observed in psychological experiments, and sensitivity analyses indicate these results depend on the theory's key assumptions. It also accounts for the data better than the rival ARCS model. The work offers a cognitively grounded, computationally efficient design for analogy-based retrieval over large memories.

Key points

  • The name abbreviates a phrase about many candidates being summoned but only a few being selected, which mirrors the filter-then-verify architecture.
  • MAC uses content vectors, a redundant flat encoding of structured representations whose dot products estimate structural match quality cheaply.
  • FAC applies SME to compute genuine structural mappings between the probe and MAC's shortlist.
  • Evaluation includes simulations of psychological retrieval data, sensitivity analyses, and a head-to-head comparison with ARCS (Thagard, Holyoak et al.).
  • The supplied text is the ERIC copy of Northwestern ILS Technical Report #59 (October 1994, ONR grant N00014-89-J-1272), with 7 figures, 19 tables and 128 references. The middle of the paper was missing from the extract, so detailed numerical results are not reported here.

Our summary of the paper, in our own words — not its text. The work belongs to its authors; read it at the links above.

 Institutions

🎓Northwestern UniversityEvanston · United States49 works · 3,654 citations

 Fields, topics and concepts

📚 Shelves 5The field of science this work belongs to (OpenAlex fields).Computer Science · 19,503 worksArtificial Intelligence · 18,805 worksInformation Systems · 1,888 worksNeuroscience · 192 worksCognitive Neuroscience · 191 works

🧭 Topics 1Research subjects and languages the work is about.Information retrieval & search · 561 works

Cite

Cite as Kenneth D. Forbus, Dedre Gentner and Keith Law. 1995. MAC/FAC: A model of similarity-based retrieval. Cognitive Science.

The paper itself, not this page. BibTeX from the library's record of the work. DOI 10.1207/s15516709cog1902_1

@inproceedings{forbus1995mac,
  title = {{MAC/FAC: A model of similarity-based retrieval}},
  author = {Kenneth D. Forbus, Dedre Gentner and Keith Law},
  booktitle = {Cognitive Science},
  year = {1995},
  doi = {10.1207/s15516709cog1902\_1},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog1902_1}
}

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